Table 3.

Significant Group Differences Among Comparison Groups

	Girl Players n=69		Boy Players n=72
Fun-determinanta	M	SD	M	SD	r	Fun-factor
Using a skill learned in practice during a game (19)	3.32*	1.07	3.92	0.91	0.28	LI
Improving athletic skills to play at the next level (36)	4.01*	1.02	4.56	0.65	0.30	LI
Partner and small group drills (40)	3.04*	1.05	3.64	1.01	0.28	P
Copying the moves/tricks of professional athletes (45)	2.35*	1.12	3.14	1.18	0.32	LI
Competing (52)	4.20*	0.87	4.62	0.70	0.28	TH
Doing a cool team cheer (80)	2.75*	1.32	2.04	1.29	0.28	TR
	Younger playersb n = 95		Older playersc n = 46
Playing different positions (25)	3.47*	1.10	2.76	1.12	0.29	LI
A coach that participates with players in practice (43)	3.69*	0.99	3.11	1.08	0.27	PC
It relieves stress (77)	3.18*	1.31	4.11	1.12	0.34	MB
	Rec players n = 65		Travel players n = 76
Practicing with specialty trainers/coaches (4)	2.65*	1.41	3.37	1.09	0.27	P
Going to sports camp (12)	2.46*	1.30	3.26	1.04	0.32	LI
Staying in hotels for games/tournaments (26)	1.88*	1.15	2.58	1.26	0.30	S
Traveling to new places to play (53)	2.48*	1.30	3.17	1.09	0.28	S
Playing in tournaments (55)	2.85*	1.41	3.74	0.97	0.32	G

Note. Mann Whitney U tests of group comparisons were used to determine significant group differences. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; r = effect size of difference calculated using, r = z/√N; Fun-factor = the fun-factor each determinant is categorized within (TH = Trying Hard, PC = Positive Coaching, LI = Learning and Improving, G = Games, P = Practice, MB = Mental Bonuses, TR = Team Rituals, S = Swag).

^aNumber in parentheses identifies the fun-determinant within the go-zone displays (see Figures 2, 5, and 6);

^bYounger players = U9–U13;

^cOlder players = U14–U19;

^*p ≤ .001.