Porphyromonas gingivalis: where do we stand in our battle against this oral pathogen?

. 2021 Feb 26;12(5):666–704. doi: 10.1039/d0md00424c

Early colonizers
Bacterial species (in alphabetical order of Gram-positive and Gram-negative)	Shape	Gram-positive/Gram-negative	Aerobic/anaerobic	Symbiotic/antagonistic interaction	Complex	Found in type of periodontal diseases	Ref.
Actinomyces israelii	Bacillus	+	^b	Competitive interaction with P. gingivalis	Blue	Chronic periodontitis	7, 26, 38
Actinomyces naeslundii	Bacillus	+	^b	✗ S. sanguinis	Blue	Chronic periodontitis	7, 17, 26
				✗ S. gordonii
				Competitive interaction with P. gingivalis
Streptococcus gordonii	Coccus	+	^a	✗ A. naeslundii	Yellow	Commensal	17
				✗ S. mutans
				✗ S. sanguinis
				✓ S. gordonii
Streptococcus intermedius	Coccus	+	^b	N/A	Yellow	Chronic periodontitis	39
Streptococcus mitis	Coccus	+	^a	Competitive interaction with P. gingivalis	Yellow	Commensal	7
Streptococcus mutans	Coccus	+	^b	✗ A. actinomycetemcomitans and competitive interaction with P. gingivalis	None	Dental caries	7, 17
				✗ S. gordonii
				✗ S. oralis
				✗ S. sanguinis
Streptococcus oralis	Coccus	+	^a	✗ S. mutans	Yellow	Commensal	17
Streptococcus sanguinis	Coccus	+	^a	✗ A. actinomycetemcomitans	Yellow	Commensal	7, 17
				✗ A. naeslundii
				✗ P. gingivalis
				✗ S. mutans
				✗ S. gordonii
Campylobacter concisus	Spirilla	−	^b	N/A	Green	Periodontitis	26, 40
Campylobacter rectus	Bacillus	−	^b	✓ P. gingivalis	Orange	Chronic periodontitis	1, 7, 26, 40
Capnocytophaga gingivalis	Bacillus	−	^b	N/A	Green	Chronic periodontitis	26
Capnocytophaga ochracea	Bacillus	−	^b	N/A	Green	Periodontitis	26, 41
Capnocytophaga sputigena	Bacillus	−	^b	N/A	Green	Periodontitis	26, 42
Eikenella corrodens	Bacillus	−	^b	✗ P. gingivalis	Green	Chronic periodontitis	1, 26, 43
Fusobacterium nucleatum	Bacillus	−	^b	✓ P. gingivalis	Orange	Chronic and aggressive periodontitis	7, 17, 19, 23, 26, 27
Fusobacterium nucleatum	Bacillus	−	^b	✓ T. forsythia	Orange	Chronic and aggressive periodontitis	7, 17, 19, 23, 26, 27
Veillonella atypica	Coccus	−	^b	✓ S. gordonii	None	Early childhood caries and chronic periodontitis	44–46
Veillonella parvula	Coccus	−	^b	✓ F. nucleatum	Purple	Generally commensal, but was found in early childhood caries and chronic periodontitis	26

Aerobic.

Anaerobic.