Table 1.
List of acronyms.
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| AFM | Atomic force microscopy |
| ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
| CD | Cluster of differentation |
| Ce6 | Chlorin e6 |
| Cy5 | Cyanine 5 |
| DACHPt | 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-platinum (II) |
| DAF | Decay-accelerating factor |
| DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| DiR | 1, 1-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3, 3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide |
| DOX | Doxorubicin |
| DSPE | 1,2-distearoly-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine |
| EDTA | Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid |
| EGs | Erythrocyte ghosts |
| EPR | Enhanced permeability and retention |
| FA | Folic acid |
| Fe3O4 | Iron oxide |
| FITC | Fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| HCPT | 10-hydroxycamptothecin |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| ICG | Indocyanine green |
| ICG-EGs | Erythrocyte ghosts loaded with ICG |
| ICG-nEGs | Nano-sized erythrocyte ghosts loaded with ICG |
| IG | Immunoglobulin |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IR | Infrared |
| MB | Methylene Blue |
| MgCl2 | Magnesium choloride |
| MOF | Metal–organic framework |
| MoSe2 | Molybdenum diselenide |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| NaGdF4:Yb, Tm | Ytterbium and thulium doped sodium gadolinium fluoride |
| NaYF4:Yb/Er | Ytterbium and erbium doped sodium yttrium fluoride |
| NHS | N-hydroxysuccinimide |
| nEGs | Nano-sized erythrocyte ghosts |
| NIR | Near infrared |
| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| PBS | Phosphate buffer saline |
| PDT | Photodynamic therapy |
| PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
| PFC | Perfluorocarbon |
| PS | Phosphatidylserine |
| PTT | Photothermal therapy |
| PWS | Port wine stain |
| QPs | Quantum dots |
| RB | Rose bengal |
| RBCs | Red blood cells |
| RGD | Arginylglycylasparatic acid |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SDS-PAGE | Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscope |
| TiO2 | Titanium dioxide |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| tPA | Tissue plasminogen activator |
| TPC | 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylchlorin |
| UCST | Upper critical solution temperature |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| UCNPs | Upconversion nanoparticles |
| ZnF16Pc | Zinc hexadecafluorophthalocyanine |