Excitotoxic lesions of medial orbitofrontal cortex impair extended conditioned punishment retrieval. (A) Diagrammatic representation of anterior lesion placements in Experiment 2, (B) diagrammatic representation of posterior lesion placements in Experiment 2, (C) Mean (±1 SEM) lever presses per min during initial lever press acquisition, (D) Mean (±1 SEM) lever presses per min during presurgery conditioned punishment training for group SHAM, (E) Mean (±1 SEM) lever presses per min during presurgery conditioned punishment training for group mOFC, (F) Mean lever presses per min for both groups during the 5-min extinction retrieval test, (G) Mean lever presses per min for both groups during the 10-min pellet-only retrieval test, (H) Mean (±1 SEM) lever presses per min during conditioned punishment retraining for group SHAM, (I) Mean (±1 SEM) lever presses per min during conditioned punishment retraining for group mOFC, (J) Mean (±1 SEM) lever presses per min during the 20-min pellet-only retrieval test, separated into 5 min bins. Note that although sometimes graphed separately, groups SHAM and mOFC were compared statistically at each stage (group × punishment interactions for data displayed in Fig. 3D,E, P > 0.05, for data displayed in Fig. 3H,I, P > 0.05). *P < 0.05, n.s. = nonsignificant, P > 0.05.