Table 1.
Demographic details: Demographics and clinical characteristics, memory, and metabolite compositions in CN and the high-AD risk group, as well as SCD and MCI participants separately
| Descriptive | Mean (standard deviation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN | High-AD risk group | SCD | MCI | |
| Demographics and clinical details | ||||
| Total sample size | 14 | 24 | 11 | 13 |
| Total number of females | 9 | 11 | 6 | 5 |
| Age in years | 68.3 (6.4) | 74.7 (6.9)** ,a | 75.1 (6.6) | 74.3 (7.4) |
| Formal education in years | 17.3 (3.2) | 16.6 (2.4) | 16.7 (2.6) | 16.5 (2.3) |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores | 27.3 (1.5)** ,c | 25.7 (2.2)* ,a | 26.9 (1.9)* ,c | 24.7 (2.1) |
| GDS | 0.6 (0.8) | 1.8 (1.6)** ,a | 2.3 (2.0)** ,a | 1.5 (1.1) |
| Neuropsychological measures | ||||
| California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) Immediate recall scores | 59.4 (8.8)*** ,b,c | 40.8 (8.5)*** ,a | 45.8 (8.9) *,c | 36.5 (5.5) |
| CVLT-II short delayed free recall scores | 12.4 (2.4) | 8.2 (2.9)*** ,a | 9.4 (2.8)* ,a | 7.2 (2.6)*** ,a |
| CVLT-II Long delayed free recall scores | 12.6 (2.8) | 8.3 (3.0)*** ,a | 9.7 (2.8)* ,a | 7.1 (2.7)*** ,a |
| Metabolite compositions | ||||
| GABA+/Cr levels | 0.064 (0.04) | 0.074 (0.05) | 0.074 (0.04) | 0.074 (0.06) |
The details of SCD and MCI participants are present both individually and together as a group called high-AD risk. Data are presented as mean and standard deviations in brackets (). Single asterisk* represents P value <0.05, double asterisks** represent P value <0.01, and triple asterisks*** represents P value <0.001 for pairwise comparisons.
aRepresents data significantly different from CN.
bRepresents data significantly different from SCD.
cRepresents data significantly different from MCI. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was applied to compare data between CN, SCD, and MCI participants. Independent t test with two-tailed equal variances was applied to compare data between CN and high-AD risk group which is a combination of SCD and MCI participants. CN and high-AD risk groups are shaded as they are the groups compared in statistical analyses.