Table 5.
Hypochlorous acid scavenging activity and AR inhibitory activity of the components separated from the 70% MeOH root extract of V. rigida.
| Sample a | HOCl Scavenging Activity | AR inhibitory Activity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration (µM) | Inhibition (%) b | IC50 c (µM) | Concentration (µM) | Inhibition (%) b | IC50 (µM) | |
| 3-CQA (1) | 100 | 70.79 ± 2.40 | 68.73 | 6.25 | 60.06 ± 1.22 | 7.80 |
| 50 | 38.98 ± 1.33 | 3.125 | 45.84 ± 1.75 | |||
| 25 | 18.77 ± 0.92 | 1.5625 | 29.35 ± 3.40 | |||
| 4-CQA (3) | 100 | 84.70 ± 2.82 | 58.13 | 6.25 | 54.23 ± 2.18 | 4.83 |
| 50 | 47.18 ± 1.01 | 3.125 | 42.88 ± 3.09 | |||
| 25 | 18.64 ± 1.72 | 1.5625 | 30.95 ± 2.76 | |||
| 5-CQA (2) | 100 | 91.90 ± 0.55 | 58.80 | 1.563 | 63.81 ± 2.55 | 0.91 |
| 50 | 41.27 ± 1.08 | 0.781 | 44.21 ± 1.17 | |||
| 25 | 15.40 ± 1.47 | 0.391 | 30.80 ± 2.18 | |||
| 3,4-diCQA (4) | 12.5 | 59.15 ± 1.19 | 5.78 | 0.391 | 68.67 ± 0.68 | 0.22 |
| 6.25 | 50.28 ± 0.19 | 0.195 | 50.40 ± 3.34 | |||
| 3.125 | 46.68 ± 2.87 | 0.098 | 18.86 ± 2.43 | |||
| 3,5-diCQA (5) | 12.5 | 62.86 ± 1.23 | 2.93 | 0.391 | 75.60 ± 1.33 | 0.15 |
| 6.25 | 56.13 ± 3.01 | 0.195 | 62.33 ± 1.33 | |||
| 3.125 | 49.56 ± 1.23 | 0.098 | 35.37 ± 1.33 | |||
| 4,5-diCQA (6) | 12.5 | 65.80 ± 4.06 | 4.61 | 0.391 | 65.87 ± 2.21 | 0.23 |
| 6.25 | 51.23 ± 2.14 | 0.195 | 44.36 ± 4.45 | |||
| 3.125 | 48.80 ± 5.62 | 0.098 | 23.73 ± 2.70 | |||
| 3,4,5-triCQA (7) | 25 | 84.32 ± 3.39 | 11.68 | 0.781 | 69.85 ± 0.77 | 0.40 |
| 12.5 | 52.93 ± 1.02 | 0.391 | 49.73 ± 0.94 | |||
| 6.25 | 35.39 ± 1.17 | 0.195 | 27.56 ± 2.43 | |||
| Acacetin (8) | - d | - | - | 100 | 36.30 ± 3.78 | - |
| - | - | 50 | 24.00 ± 0.63 | |||
| - | - | 25 | 12.30 ± 4.22 | |||
| Trolox | 100 | 97.07 ± 5.45 | 34.03 | - | - | - |
| 50 | 66.53 ± 2.54 | - | - | |||
| 25 | 40.76 ± 0.39 | - | - | |||
| Quercetin | - | - | - | 25 | 67.05 ± 3.22 | 15.01 |
| - | - | 12.5 | 45.98 ± 4.49 | |||
| - | - | 6.25 | 34.78 ± 0.51 | |||
| Quercitrin | - | - | - | 0.25 | 74.57 ± 1.11 | 0.10 |
| - | - | 0.125 | 62.33 ± 0.44 | |||
| - | - | 0.063 | 32.57 ± 2.70 | |||
| Epalrestat | - | - | - | 0.125 | 91.81 ± 1.84 | 0.05 |
| - | - | 0.063 | 79.28 ± 1.35 | |||
| - | - | 0.031 | 21.66 ± 1.25 | |||
a Compounds 1–8 were separated from the 70% MeOH root extract of V. rigida. Particularly, compounds 1–7 were the target compounds screened by offline DPPH-HPLC and ultrafiltration-HPLC; Trolox was used as a positive control for hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging assay, whereas quercetin, quercitrin, and epalrestat were used as positive controls for aldose reductase (AR) inhibition assay. b Data was presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). c Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). d Not measured or not applicable.