Table 1.
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Data of Subjects
| Variable | HCs (n=20) | DM (n=20) | p | DM | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WDR (n=20) | NPDR (n=20) | PDR (n=20) | |||||
| Sex,males(%) | 60% | 46.6% | 0.302 | 35% | 50% | 55% | 0.423 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.19±2.89 | 24.02±2.70 | 0.243 | 23.95±2.61 | 23.41±2.65 | 24.70±2.79 | 0.312 |
| Age(years) | 55.1±6.1 | 56.1±6.5 | 0.541 | 56.4±6.5 | 56.9±6.8 | 54.9±6.4 | 0.703 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 121.8±8.4 | 124.4±7.3 | 0.176 | 123.9±8.6 | 124.3±5.7 | 125.2±7.8 | 0.553 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 81.1±4.9 | 82.7±4.9 | 0.224 | 82.1±5.2 | 81.7±5.2 | 84.3±4.1 | 0.192 |
| TC(mmol/L) | 4.23±0.31 | 4.35±0.45 | 0.263 | 4.33±0.50 | 4.29±0.22 | 4.42±0.55 | 0.504 |
| TG(mmol/L) | 2.06±0.67 | 1.98±0.60 | 0.608 | 1.92±0.60 | 1.85±0.63 | 2.18±0.54 | 0.331 |
| FPG(mmol/L) | 5.00±0.57 | 8.20±2.22 | ˂0.001 | 7.87±2.34 | 8.21±2.26 | 8.53±2.11 | 0.650 |
| HbA1c(%) | 9.81±1.66 | 10.38±1.98 | 10.10±1.61 | 0.605 | |||
| Duration(years) | 6.1(2.8–9.0) | 7.0(4.2–10.8) | 11.6(6.7–18.2)* | 0.001 | |||
Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables, and the median (interquartile ranges) for abnormal distributions. Unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for comparisons of normally and abnormally distributed continuous variables between two groups, respectively. Multiple and pairwise comparisons were determined by analysis of variance and Student–Newman–Keuls tests for normally distributed data, and Kruskal–Wallis and stepwise–step-down tests for abnormal distributions. Categorical variables were presented as the percentage (%). The χ2-test was used to compare categorical variables. Statistical differences were defined by P-values (two-tailed) <0.05. *P < 0.05 versus without diabetic retinopathy (WDR).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.