Table 2.
Dosimetry of the dose distribution for accelerated partial breast irradiation, taking into account the parameters of the mean dose, Dmax, V5, and V20 in OAR (the heart, LAD, and lungs).
| First Author | Year | Number of Patients | Target | Total Dose [Gy] | Delivery Technique | OAR | Mean Dose | Dmax | V5 | V20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fogliata [32] | 2002 | 5 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer | 50 | PBS | Heart | 2.2 | 19.3 | - | - |
| Lungs | 3.5 | 43.8 | 10.40% | - | ||||||
| Lomax [33] | 2003 | no patients, the analyses of plans | whole breast, internal mammary, supraclavicular, and axillary nodes | 50 | PBS | Heart | 5.8 | 53.8 | 39.0 | - |
| Lung | 12.6 | - | - | V50:11.5 | ||||||
| Ares [34] | 2010 | 20 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer | 50 | PBS | Heart | 1.0 | - | 2.0 | V22.5:0.0 |
| Left Lung | 7.0 | - | 0.0 | 17.0 | ||||||
| Right Lung | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
| MacDonald [42] | 2013 | 12 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer after mastectomy | 50.4 | 3DCPT | Heart | 0.44 | - | - | 0.01% |
| Lungs | 6 | - | - | 12.70% | ||||||
| Jimenez [35] | 2013 | 5 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer, bilateral implants | 50.4 | IMPT | Heart | - | - | 2.80% | 0.40% |
| Left Lung | - | - | 14.90% | 4.30% | ||||||
| Right Lung | - | - | 13.50% | 4.10% | ||||||
| Mast [43] | 2014 | 20 | whole breast | 42.56 | IMPT | BH | ||||
| Heart | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1% | 0.0% | ||||||
| LAD-region | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.4% | 0.0% | ||||||
| Left Lung | 1.5 | 23.6 | 7.1% | 2.5% | ||||||
| FB | ||||||||||
| Heart | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | ||||||
| LAD-region | 0.7 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 9.7 | ||||||
| Left Lung | 1.6 | 27 | 7.7 | 2.8 | ||||||
| Xu [36] | 2014 | 10 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer | 50 | 3DCPT | Heart | 1 | - | 7% | 0% |
| Left Lung | 5.5 | - | 50% | 31% | ||||||
| Right Lung | 0.4 | - | 1% | 0% | ||||||
| Flejmer [37] | 2015 | 10 | whole breast, breast cancer (5 left-sided and 5 right-sided) postoperative radiation treatment | 50 | IMPT | Heart | 0.2 | - | - | - |
| LAD-region | 1.4 | - | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | 6.3 | - | V10:25.8% | 10.50% | ||||||
| Right Lung | 0 | - | - | - | ||||||
| Fagundes [38] | 2015 | 10 | left-sided stage III breast cancer after mastectomy, the chest wall, axilla levels I to III, the supraclavicular and internal mammary nodes (IMN) | 50.4 | PBS | Heart | 1.2 | - | - | V25:1.2 |
| LAD-region | 7 | 27.6 | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | - | - | 41.30 | 0.28 | ||||||
| Right Lung | - | - | 0.3 | 0.04 | ||||||
| Cuaron [44] | 2015 | 30 | 27 left-sided, 3 right-sided, nonmetastatic breast cancer, postoperative, unfavourable cardiopulmonary anatomy | 50.4 | PBS | Heart | 1 | - | 5.00% | 1.16% |
| Lungs | - | - | 34.35% | 7.31% | ||||||
| Lin [39] | 2015 | 10 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer | 50 | PBS | Heart | 0.011 | - | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| LAD-region | 0.031 | - | - | - | ||||||
| Lungs | 0.88 | - | 4.70% | 0.00% | ||||||
| Bradley [40] | 2015 | 10 | whole breast, BCT-breast-conserving therapy, postmastectomy | 50.4 | PBS | Heart | 0.6 | - | 2.70% | 1.00% |
| LAD-region | 1.7 | 30.5 | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | 11.0 | - | 35.30% | 21.60% | ||||||
| Patel [45] | 2017 | 10 | whole breast, left breast cancer referred for PMRT | 50.4 | PBS | BH | ||||
| Heart | 0.7 | - | - | 0.40% | ||||||
| LAD-region | - | 4.6 | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | 7.5 | - | - | 14.43% | ||||||
| FB | ||||||||||
| Heart | 0.98 | - | - | 0.86% | ||||||
| LAD-region | - | 4.58 | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | 7.49 | - | - | 14.43% | ||||||
| Oden [46] | 2017 | 12 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer | 50 | IMPT | Heart | 0.1 | - | - | - |
| LAD-region | 1.6 | - | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | 1.3 | - | - | 1.40% | ||||||
| Tommasino [47] |
2017 | 10 | whole breast, postoperative left-sided breast cancer, after conserving surgery | 50 | IMPT | Heart | 0.5 | - | - | 0.60% |
| LAD-region | 0.7 | - | - | - | ||||||
| Left Lung | 3.3 | - | - | 5.80% | ||||||
| Luo [48] | 2018 | 42 | whole breast, left-sided breast cancer after mastectomy | 50.4 | 3DCPT | Heart | 0.7 | 16.3 | 4.30% | 0.50% |
| Left Lung | - | - | 34.00% | 16.10% | ||||||
| De Rose [41] | 2019 | 20 | 10 in the breast-conserving surgery group and 10 post-mastectomy patients | 50 | IMPT | Heart | 0.4 | - | - | - |
| Left Lung | 6.2 | - | 28.50% | 12.20% | ||||||
OAR—organ at risk; Dmax: maximum dose; V5—the volume of organ receiving 5 Gy; V20—the volume of organ receiving 20 Gy; APBI—accelerated partial breast irradiation; 3DCPT—three-dimensional conformal proton therapy; IMPT—intensity modulated proton therapy; PBS—pencil beam scanning; LAD—the left anterior descending artery; BH—breath holding, FB—free breathing.