Table 2.
Diabetes duration, haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and diabetic retinopathy of study participants.
| Total (n = 2510) | Hypertensives with T2DM (n = 1495) | Normotensives with T2DM (n = 1015) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of diabetes, years | 8.56 (7.10) | 9.00 (7.22) | 7.92 (6.87) | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (groups) | ||||
| <4 years | 768 (30.6%) | 433 (29.0%) | 335 (33.0%) | 0.004 |
| 4–11 years | 1023 (40.8%) | 598 (40.0%) | 425 (41.9%) | |
| ≥12 years | 719 (28.6%) | 464 (31.0%) | 255 (25.1%) | |
| HbA1c, % | 7.02 (1.43) | 6.97 (1.38) | 7.10 (1.51) | 0.023 |
| HbA1c (groups) | ||||
| <6.5% | 1054 (42.0%) | 629 (42.1%) | 425 (41.9%) | 0.920 |
| ≥6.5% | 1456 (58.0%) | 866 (57.9%) | 590 (58.1%) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 134.82 (18.74) | 143.39 (17.86) | 122.14 (11.40) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 70.45 (10.47) | 72.89 (10.97) | 66.80 (8.44) | <0.001 |
| Presence of DR | ||||
| No | 1960 (78.1%) | 1155 (77.3%) | 805 (79.3%) | 0.222 |
| Yes | 550 (21.9%) | 340 (22.7%) | 210 (20.7%) | |
| Grading of DR 1 | ||||
| Mild NPDR | 119 (22.3%) | 61 (18.4%) | 58 (28.6%) | 0.081 |
| Moderate NPDR | 342 (64.0%) | 222 (67.1%) | 120 (59.1%) | |
| Severe NPDR | 47 (8.8%) | 30 (9.1%) | 17 (8.4%) | |
| Proliferative DR | 26 (4.9%) | 18 (5.4%) | 8 (3.9%) | |
1 Patients with ungradable images for diabetic retinopathy due to small pupils, media opacities, or poor image quality were excluded (n = 16). T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or n (%), where appropriate. Column percentages were derived from the total number in the corresponding column.