Table 5. Risk factors of ADRs in the primary care setting.

Reference	Risk Factors	Method	Parameter	P-value
Gandhi et al [23]	Number of medications prescribed	Poisson regression	RR 1.1 (1.06, 1.15)	<0.001
Calderon-Larranaga et al [48]	Level of multimorbidity (moderate; high; very high)	Multivariable logistic regression	OR 4.24 (3.08, 5.85);	<0.001
			OR 17.58 (12.23, 25.26);	<0.001
			OR 45.26 (26.97, 75.95)	<0.001
	Number of visits to family physician		OR 1.013 (1.00, 1.02)	0.008
	Number of referral to different specialties		OR 1.19 (1.12, 1.28)	<0.001
	Polypharmacy (≥6 active substances)		OR 1.34 (1.11, 1.63)	0.003
	Sex: Female		OR 1.307 (1.11, 1.538)	0.001
Horen et al [26]	Off-label drug use	Multivariable logistic backward stepwise regression	OR 3.44 (1.26, 9.38)	NR*
	Exposure to antiinfective drugs		OR 3.06 (2.32, 8.11)	NR*
	Exposure to systemic hormonal drugs		OR 4.20 (1.08;16.40)	NR*

^aThe authors stated that these variables are significant without specifying significance level.