(A): TNF-a production (ELISA) by rat splenocytes after LPS stimulation. (B): IFNy production (ELISA) by rat splenocytes after ConA stimulation. (C-D): Pro-inflammatory cytokine production, TNFa (C) and IFNy (D) by activated human Donor 1 PBMC after anti-CD3/CD28 bead stimulation (ELISA). (E-F): Pro-inflammatory cytokine production, TNFa (E) and IFNy (F) by activated human Donor 2 PBMC after anti-CD3/CD28 bead stimulation (ELISA). All samples run in triplicate. Statistical significance between naive/treatment and activated control is indicated with (#) for p ≤ 0.05, (##) for p ≤ 0.01, (###) for p ≤ 0.001. Statistical significance between treatment groups is indicated with (*) for p ≤ 0.05, (**) for p ≤ 0.01, (***) for p ≤ 0.001. Treg, regulatory T cell; MSC, mesenchymal stromal cell; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; TNFa, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFNy, interferon gamma; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.