Figure 2.

Concentration of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in serum as determined by assessing activation of TLR4 and TLR2 transfected HEK293 cells, respectively, incubated with serum of controls and patients with ALD before and after alcohol withdrawal. SEAP reporter activity in HEK 293 cells transfected with (A) human TLR4 receptor and (B) human TLR2 receptor, respectively, challenged with serum of controls and patients with ALD. ALD: alcohol-related liver disease, B: beginning of alcohol withdrawal, E: end of alcohol withdrawal, SEAP: secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase, TLR = toll-like receptor: Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Levels of significance for: # p = 0.05, * p = 0.05, + p = 0.05.