Table 2.
Medicinal plants of Baltis and Shinas in the buffer zone of Deosai National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
| Name/Family/Voucher Number | Local Name | Habit | PU | DF | Ad | Disease(s) Treated | RSU | RFC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex. Stapf./Ranunculaceae/DNP71 | Buma (B/S) | Herb | Root (B/S) | Decoction (B); Powder (S) | Oral (B); Oral and topical (S) | Abdominal pain, flatulence (B); Ringworm, typhoid (S) | No | 78.26 |
| Allardia tomentosa Decne./Asteraceae/DNP41 | Tarkhan (B) | Herb | Flowers (B) | Decoction (B) | Oral (B) | Menstrual cramps, abdominal pain (B) | No | 41.30 |
| Allardia tridactylites (Kar. and Kir.) Sch. Bip. /Asteraceae/DNP42 | Patkanstwa (B) | Herb | Whole plant (B) | Decoction (B) | Oral (B) | Food poisoning (B) | No | 28.26 |
| Allium carolinianum DC./Amaryllidaceae /DNP35 | Refor (B); Kachpauk (S) | Herb | Bulb (B); Leaves (S) |
Infusion (B); Boiled leaves (S) | Oral (B/S) | Pharyngitis, bronchitis (B); Constipation (S) | Yes | 67.39 |
| Arnebia benthamii Wall. ex G. Don/Boraginaceae/DNP51 | Thang marsi (B); Kazaban(S) | Herb | Root (B/S) | Mixed with oil (B); Decoction (S) | Topical (B); Oral (S) | Hair tonic (B); Diabetes, pneumonia (S) | No | 43.47 |
| Artemisia brevifolia Wall./Asteraceae/DNP43 | Bursay (B); Zoon (S) | Herb | Aerial parts (B/S) | Decoction (B); Powder (S) | Oral (B/S) | Vermifuges (B); Hypertension (S) | Yes | 71.73 |
| Artemisia scoparia Waldst. and Kitam./Asteraceae/DNP45 | Khobursay (B); Zoon (S) | Herb | Flowers (B); Leaves (S) |
Decoction (B); Paste (S) | Oral (B); Oral and topical (S) | Vermifuge, urethritis (B); Ring worm, indigestion (S) | Yes | 56.52 |
| Berberis pseudumbellata R. Parker/Berberidaceae/DNP48 | Skiurbu (B); Ishkeen (S) | Shrub | Root (B); Root, Leaves (S) |
Decoction (B/S); Leaves eaten (S) | Oral (B/S) | Hepatitis, diabetes (B/S) | Yes | 32.60 |
| Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. f. and Thomson) Engl./Saxifragaceae/DNP76 | Shapur (B); Sansper (S) | Herb | Root (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Stomach ulcer (B); Hepatitis, hypertension (S) | No | 60.86 |
| Betula utilis D. Don/Betulaceae/DNP49 | Jongi (S) | Tree | Bark (S) | Powder (S) | Oral and topical (S) | Back ache, leg pain (S) | Yes | 34.78 |
| Bistorta affinis (D. Don) Greene/Polygonaceae/DNP67 | Chomoi (S) | Herb | Rhizome (S) | Powder | Oral (S) | Diarrhoea, fever (S) | No | 54.34 |
| Carum bulbocastanum (L.) Koch/Apiaceae/DNP39 | Karpho thalay (B); Hayyo (S) | Herb | Seeds (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Gastric ulcer (B); Abdominal pain (S) | Yes | 43.47 |
| Carum carvi L./Apiaceae/DNP38 | Naqpo thalay (B); Hayyo (S) | Herb | Seeds (B/S) | Decoction (B); Seeds eaten (S) | Oral (B/S) | Gastric ulcer, gastric trouble (B); Abdominal pain (S) | No | 60.80 |
| Chenopodium foliosum Asch/Chenopodiaceae/DNP52 | Suyaro (S) | Herb | Leaves (S) | Paste (S) | Oral (S) | Oedema, diabetes (C) | No | 13.04 |
| Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) C.B. Clarke/Campanulaceae | Bajo mindoq (B); Tumtaq (S) | Herb | Flowers (B/S) | Infusion (B/S) | Oral (B, S) | Stress relief (B); Male sexual tonic (S) | No | 39.13 |
| Cousinia thomsonii C.B. Clarke./Asteraceae/DNP40 | Charchu (B) | Herb | Flowers (B) | Powder (B) | Topical (B); Oral (S) | Pimples, boils, pustules (B); Constipation (S) | No | 43.47 |
| Delphinium brunonianum Royle/Ranunculaceae | Makhoting (B); Mahoti (S) | Herb | Flowers (B); Whole plant (S) |
Powder + oil (B); Decoction (S) | Topical (B); Oral (S) | Hair tonic (B); Asthma, pneumonia, hair tonic (S) | No | 78.26 |
| Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth./Lamiaceae/DNP61 | Triba (B) | Herb | Flowers (B) | Decoction (B) | Oral (B) | Abdominal pain, flatulence (B) | Yes | 60.86 |
| Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf/Ephedraceae/DNP55 | Chay (B); Soom (S) | Shrub | Fruit, Root (B/S) | Juice, Root paste (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Tonic and eye pain (B); Asthma, bronchitis (S) | No | 52.17 |
| Fagopyrum esculentum Moench/Polygonaceae /DNP65 | Bro (B) | Herb | Seeds (B) | Powder (B) | Oral (B) | Diabetes, stomach ulcer (B) | Yes | 26.08 |
| Galium boreale L./Rubiaceae/DNP73 | Shatong (B) | Herb | Fruits (B) | Powder (B) | Oral (B) | Hepatitis (B) | No | 60.86 |
| Gentiana olivieri Griseb/Gentianaceae/DNP57 | Tikta (B) | Herb | Flowers (B) | Powder (B) | Oral (B) | Diabetes (B) | Yes | 45.34 |
| Gentiana tianschanica Rupr. ex Kusn./Gentianceae/DNP59 | Palmat (S) | Herb | Flowers, Leaves (S) | Powder (S) | Oral (B) | Blood tonic, hemorrhoids (B) | Yes | 43.47 |
| Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC./Apiaceae/DNP37 | Ghang (B) | Herb | Root | Powder (B) | Topical (B) | Boils, pimples, pustules (B) | Yes | 39.13 |
| Hippophae rhamnoides L./Elaeagnaceae/DNP54 | Karsokh (B); Buru (S) | Shrub | Fruits (B); Fruits, Seeds (S) |
Jam, Powder (B); Paste (S) | Oral and topical (B/S) | Cancer, diabetes, dermatitis (B); Pertussis, cutaneous eruptions (S) | Yes | 56.52 |
| Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb./Cupressaceae/DNP53 | Shukpa (B); Chilli (S) | Tree | Fruits (B/S) | Decoction (B); Dry eaten (S) | Oral (B/S) | Stomach ulcer, fever, diabetes (B); Kidney stones, diabetes (S) | Yes | 23.91 |
| Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss. /Asteraceae/DNP46 | Sathing (B);Gogal Dhoop (S) | Herb | Root (B); Leaves (S) |
Paste (B/S) | Topical (B/S) | Fever, cold (B); Wounds, cutaneous eruptions (S) | Yes | 52.17 |
| Mentha royleana Wall. ex Benth./Lamiaceae /DNP63 | Foling (B); Phileel (S) | Herb | Leaves (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Hypertension, abdominal pain, obesity (B/S) | Yes | 78.26 |
| Myosotis alpestris F.W. Schmid/Boraginaceae/DNP50 | Mandaqskor (B) | Herb | Flowers (B) | Decoction (B) | Oral (B) | Abdominal pain, fever (B) | Yes | 34.78 |
| Nepeta leucolaena Benth. ex Hook. f./Lamiaceae/DNP62 | Azoomal (B) | Herb | Flowers, Leaves (B) | Decoction (B) | Oral (B) | Gastric ulcer (B) | No | 39.13 |
| Pleurospermum candollei Benth. ex C.B. Clarke in Hook.f./Apiaceae/DNP36 | Shamdun (B) | Herb | Flowers (B) | Decoction (B) | Oral (B) | Stomatitis, constipation, abdominal ache (B) | Yes | 41.30 |
| Ranunculus repens L./Ranunculaceae/DNP70 | Khser mandoq (B) | Herb | Flowers, Leaves (B) | Paste mix with oil (B) | Topical (B) | Pimples, pustules (B) | Yes | 21.37 |
| Rheum australe D./Polygonaceae/DNP66 | Lachu (B); Chontal (S) | Herb | Root (B); Root, Leaves (S) |
Powder (B); Decoction (S) | Oral (B/S) | Stomach ulcer (B); Laxative, dyspepsia (S) | Yes | 69.56 |
| Ribes alpestre Wall. ex Decne./Glossulariaceae/DNP60 | Askuta (B); Churkani (S) | Shrub | Fruits (B) Leaves (S) |
Eaten fresh, Paste (B/S) | Oral and topical (B/S) | Ringworm, blood tonic (B/S) | No | 84.78 |
| Rosa webbiana Wall.ex Royle/Rosaceae/DNP72 | Siya marfo (B); Shighaye (S) | Shrub | Leaves, Root, Seeds (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Jaundice, anemia, tonic (S/B) | No | 58.69 |
| Rubia cordifolia L./Rubiaceae/DNP74 | Zghinoq (B) | Herb | Root (B) | Powder (B) | Oral (B) | Skin inflammation, joint pain (B) | No | 32.60 |
| Rumex hastatus D. Don./Polygonaceae/DNP68 | Churki (S) | Herb | Root (S) | Powder | Topical (S) | Closed bone fractures (S) | No | 39.13 |
| Rumex nepalensis Spreng./Polygonaceae/DNP69 | Hubable (S) | Herb | Root (S) | Powder | Oral and topical (S) | Backache, abdominal pain (S) | Yes | 36.95 |
| Solanum nigrum L./Solanaceae/DNP77 | Drumba Shoghlo (B); Gabeeli (S) | Herb | Seeds (B/S) | Roasted seeds (B/S) | Topical (B/S) | Toothache (B/S) | Yes | 52.17 |
| Swertia petiolata D. Don./Gentianaceae/DNP58 | Brama (B); Mumiri (S) | Herb | Leaves (B); Root (S) | Decoction, Paste, Powder (B/S) | Oral (B); Topical (S) | Hepatitis, pneumonia, dysentery (B); Conjunctivitis (S) | No | 71.73 |
| Tanacetum falconeri Hook. f./Asteraceae /DNP44 | Tyalo (B); Flagyl(S) | Herb | Flower (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Body ache, fever (B); Diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain (S) | Yes | 67.39 |
| Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg/Asteraceae/DNP47 | Khoshmas (B); Guleikasidi (S) | Herb | Whole plant (B); Leaves (S) | Boiled leaves (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Diabetes, constipation (B/S) | No | 43.47 |
| Thymus linearis Benth./Lamiaceae/DNP64 | Tumburuk (B); Tumuro (S) | Herb | Whole plant (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Flatulence, abdominal pain (B); Cough, asthma (S) | Yes | 60.86 |
| Trifolium repens L./Fabaceae/DNP56 | Skabuksuk (B); Chapati (S) | Herb | Flowers (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Pneumonia (B); Bronchitis (S) | Yes | 56.52 |
| Urtica dioica L./Urticaceae/DNP78 | Khashoshing (B); Jhoomi (S) | Herb | Aerial parts (B/S) | Boiled leaves (B/S) | Oral (B); Topical (B) | Constipation (B); Pustule, cutaneous eruptions (S) | Yes | 43.47 |
| Verbascum thapsus L./Scrophulariaceae /DNP75 | Apo Tambaku (B); Tamakush (S) | Herb | Flowers, Seeds (B); Leaves, Flowers (S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Tonic, labor pain (B); Bronchitis, tuberculosis (S) | No | 56.52 |
| Viola serpens Wall.ex Ging./Violaceae/DNP79 | Skor mindoq (B); Lelo (S) | Herb | Flowers (B/S) | Decoction (B/S) | Oral (B/S) | Abdominal pain, flatulence (B); Bronchitis (S) | No | 56.52 |
B: Baltis, S: Shinas, PU: Part(s) used, DF: Drug formulation, Ad: Administration, RSU: Reports with the same uses.