Table 7.
Comparison of performance between value-creating strategies.
| K–W Test | Ecological (1) | Single-Product (2) | Innovative (3) | Traditional (4) | Dunn’s Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margin per litre a (EUR/l) | *** | 1.12 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 0.64 | ***: 1–2/**: 2–3/*: 1–4 |
| Profit per litre b (EUR/l) | 0.30 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.14 | - | |
| Value-added per worker c (EUR) | 28,475 | 38,847 | 38,782 | 35,938 | - | |
| Qualitative performance | 0.174 | −0.705 | 0.133 | −0.198 | - |
Notes: values shown are the median of the variables. ***, **,*, indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. a Margin per litre: difference between income from the sale of dairy products and variable costs (milk, other raw materials, and packaging and labelling) divided by the number of litres processed. b Profit per litre: income from the sale of dairy products minus variable costs and fixed structural costs (personnel, depreciation, and general costs) divided by the litres processed. c Value-added per worker: total sales of dairy products, minus variable costs, and general costs of external services divided by the number of employees dedicated to processing and marketing.