Table 2. Number of Water Molecules per Ionic Sites, Bound and Bulk Water and Activation Energy of the Composite Membranes.
| number
of water molecules per ionic site (λ) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sample designation | RT | 80 °C | bound water (%) | bulk/free water (%) | activation energy, Ea (kJ mol–1) |
| QPPO | 4.15 | 8.77 | 1.68 | 15.72 | 9.15 |
| QPPO/QSiO2-1 | 6.47 | 9.72 | 1.82 | 27.98 | 9.45 |
| QPPO/QSiO2-3 | 7.22 | 10.69 | 1.92 | 34.48 | 10.59 |
| QPPO/QSiO2-5 | 8.12 | 10.82 | 1.95 | 42.65 | 16.06 |
| QPPO/QSiO2-7 | 9.09 | 11.15 | 2.15 | 50.35 | 16.46 |
| QPPO/QSiO2-10 | 8.59 | 10.74 | 2.03 | 46.37 | 17.08 |