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| composite films | tensile stress (MPa) | Young’s modulus (GPa) | tensile strain (%) | toughness (×103 kJ/mm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| neat PMMA | 33.1 ± 0.5 | 0.89 ± 0.13 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.63 ± 0.01 |
| PMMA/CNF | 31.3 ± 10.5 | 0.85 ± 0.09 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 0.65 ± 0.44 |
| PMMA/CNFa | 40.0 ± 7.7 | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 1.12 ± 0.35 |
| PMMA/CNFp1 | 41.2 ± 2.9 | 1.26 ± 0.07 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 1.02 ± 0.06 |
| PMMA/CNFp2 | 42.3 ± 5.9 | 1.08 ± 0.13 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 1.39 ± 0.46 |
