Table 2. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of children with melioidosis, Brazil, 1989–2019*.
| Pt | Age, y/sex | City | Rainy season† | Potential exposures‡ | Pneumonia | Sepsis | Septic shock | Diagnostic results | Timely treatment# | Outcome (time to death)¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
0.25/M |
Fortaleza |
No |
Mother lived in rural area during pregnancy§ |
No |
No |
No |
Pseudomonas pseudomallei in cerebrospinal fluid |
Yes |
Survived |
| 2 |
15/M |
Tejuçuoca |
Yes |
Swam in river |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No test, met clinical epidemiologic criteria |
No |
Death (40 h) |
| 3 |
14/F |
Tejuçuoca |
Yes |
Swam in river |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Burkholderia pseudomallei
|
No |
Death (90 h) |
| 4 |
10/M |
Tejuçuoca |
Yes |
Swam in river |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. pseudomallei
|
No |
Death (6 d) |
| 5 |
12/F |
Tejuçuoca |
Yes |
Swam in river |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. pseudomallei
|
Yes |
Survived |
| 6 |
17/M |
Fortaleza |
Yes |
Bathed in river/waterfall |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. pseudomallei
|
Yes |
Death (10 d) |
| 7 |
3/M |
São João do Jaguaribe |
Yes |
Swam in river |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. pseudomallei
|
Yes |
Death (28 d) |
| 8 |
13/F |
Ipu |
No |
Bathed in waterfalls |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. pseudomallei
|
No |
Death (10 d) |
| 9 |
3/F |
Granja |
Yes |
Swam in river, bathed in waterfalls |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No test, met clinical epidemiologic criteria |
Yes |
Survived |
| 10 |
6/M |
Fortaleza |
No |
Swam in river, bathed in waterfalls |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. pseudomallei in bronchoalveolar lavage, met clinical epidemiologic criteria |
Yes |
Survived |
| 11 |
6/M |
Limoeiro do Norte |
No |
Swam in river, bathed in waterfalls, fished, drank contaminated water |
No |
No |
No |
Negative |
Yes |
Survived |
| 12 |
9/F |
Pacatuba |
No |
Swam in river, bathed in waterfalls |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
Yes |
Death (5 d) |
| 13 |
13/M |
Guaiúba |
No |
Swam in river, bathed in waterfalls, fished |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
B. cepacea in oropharyngeal swab sample |
Yes |
Survived |
| 14 |
1/F |
Fortaleza |
No |
Swam in untreated pool |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
Yes |
Survived |
| 15 |
6/M |
Canindé |
Yes |
Swam in river/dams, fished |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
No |
Death (8 d) |
| 16 |
3/M |
Fortaleza |
Yes |
Swam in lake/ played with soil |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
Yes |
Survived |
| 17 |
9/F |
Canindé |
Yes |
Swam in river/dams, fished |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
Yes |
Survived |
| 18 |
11/M |
Orós |
Yes |
Swam in river, fished |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
Yes |
Survived |
| 19 |
14/M |
Trairí |
Yes |
Swam in river/dams, fished |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Negative |
No |
Death (4 d) |
| 20 | 9/M | Trairí | Yes | Swam in river/dams, fished | Yes | Yes | Yes | Negative | Yes | Survived |
*Cases 1–10 were confirmed according to diagnostic criteria (5,7); cases 11–20 were suspected. Pt, patient. †Rainy season in Ceará, Brazil is February–May. ‡During 14 d before symptom onset. ¶From symptom onset. §Potential vertical transmission. #As defined in (8).