Table 2. Laboratory, neurophysiologic, and imaging characteristics for 42 patients with suspect YEL-AND, according to classification with the Brighton Collaboration criteria, São Paulo, Brazil, 2017–2018*.
| Variable | Aseptic meningitis, n = 24 | Encephalitis, n = 8 | Guillain-Barré syndrome, n = 3‡ | Myelitis, n = 2‡ | ADEM, n = 2‡ | Unclassified,† n = 3‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSF parameters§ | ||||||
| Leukocytes >5, no. (%) | 24 (100) | 7 (87.5) | 1 (33) | 0 | 1 (50) | 1 (33) |
| Leukocytes, total/mm3, median (IQR) [range] | 76.50 (53–207.5) | 30 (13–70) | 1 [0–32] | 1 [0–2] | 4.5 [2–7] | 2 [1–12] |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR) [range] | 73 (65.5–88.0) | 85 (71–93) | 51.5 [3 –71] | 75 [75–75] | 79,5 [79–80] | 80 [73–92] |
| Neutrophils, median (IQR) [range] | 10 (3.5–25.0) | 3 (0.5–6.0) | 23.5 [13–34] | 16 [16–16] | 19.5 [19–20] | 2 [1–3] |
| Erythrocytes, total/mm3, median (IQR) [range] | 2 (1–12) | 5.5 (1–640.50) | 302 [249–355] | 26 [1–52] | 985.5 [131–1,840] | 0 [0–3] |
| Total protein, mg/dL, median (IQR) [range] | 53.5 (48–71.5) | 60 (47.5–67) | 53 [31–66] | 27.5 [23–32] | 61 [41 – 81] | 46 [26–51] |
| Total glucose, mg/dL, median (IQR) [range] | 60 (52.5–64.5) | 66 (54.5–92.5) | 60.5 [50–71] | 72 [66–78] | 62.5 [54–71] | |
| MRI findings, no. cases | Leptomeningeal enhancement, 1; unremarkable, 3 | Leptomeningeal enhancement, 1; unremarkable, 5 | Facial nerve enhancement, 1; unremarkable, 1 | Longitudinally extensive myelitis,1; partial myelitis, 1 | White matter abnormalities and extensive myelitis,1; brainstem and cerebellar peduncles abnormalities, 1 | Bilateral optic nerve abnormalities,1; unremarkable, 1 |
| EEG/EMG findings, no. cases | EEG: disorganized background, 2; unremarkable, 2 | EEG: disorganized background, 6 | EMG: AMAN, 1 | ND | ND | ND |
*ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; AMAN, axonal motor polyneuropathy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EEG, electroencephalography; EMG, electromyography; IQR, interquartile range; ND, not done; YF, yellow fever. †Includes 1 case of ataxia, 1 of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia, and 1 of optic neuritis. ‡In groups with <5 cases, range was substituted for IQR. §All patients underwent lumbar puncture and CSF analysis.