Figure 4.
Outline of potential resource-efficient wastewater treatment schemes with energy profiles (Wh/person-day). C = carbon capture; E = external organic feedstock; AS = Activated Sludge; AD = anaerobic digester; AN = anaerobic treatment; AMX = anammox denitrification; MFC = microbial fuel cell; SNAD = Simultaneous nitrification and anammox denitrification; ABC = anammox bioelectrochemical system; OCR: energy loss in organic carbon removal; A-N: aeration energy for nitrogen removal; P/M: energy for pumping and mixing.