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. 2021 May 26;10:e60595. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60595

Table 12. Descriptive statistics for each study presented in the article (N – number of participants, M – mean score, SD – standard deviation, BDI-I and BDI-II – Beck Depression Inventory I and II, PHQ-9 – Patient Health Questionnaire-9).

Study I (N=51)
Diagnosed Healthy Controls, BDI-I ≤ 5 Subclinical Unclassified
N 29 22 - -
Age M = 27.66, SD = 7.13 M = 23.68, SD = 2.83 - -
19 - 47 range 20 - 33 range - -
Gender 9 male, 20 female 11 male, 11 female - -
BDI-I score M = 20.93, SD = 8.21 M = 2.00, SD = 1.48 - -
Study II (N=76)
Undiagnosed (N=76)
Diagnosed Healthy Controls, BDI-I ≤ 5 Subclinical, BDI-I ≥ 10 Unclassified, 5 < BDI-I < 10
N - 28 25 23
Age - M = 25.32, SD = 6.46 M = 24.44, SD = 5.08 M = 25.22, SD = 6.78
- 18 - 43 range 19 - 38 range 18 - 40 range
Gender - 8 males, 20 females 4 males, 21 females 9 males, 14 females
BDI-I score - M = 2.29, SD = 1.72 M = 17.56, SD = 8.13 M = 7.91, SD = 1.16
Study III (N=91)
Diagnosed Undiagnosed (N=64)
Healthy Controls, BDI-II ≤ 5 Subclinical, BDI-II ≥ 10 Unclassified, 5 < BDI-II < 10
N 27 21 34 9
Age M = 27.19, SD = 7.23 M = 24.29, SD = 4.99 M = 25.06, SD = 6.58 M = 26.78, SD = 8.74
19 - 42 range 19 - 41 range 18 - 44 range 22 - 49 range
Gender 6 males, 21 females 7 males, 14 females 10 males, 24 females 2 males, 7 females
BDI-II score M = 34.26, SD = 9.18 M = 2.24, SD = 1.70 M = 24.06, SD = 10.08 M = 6.78, SD = 0.97
Study IV (N=117)
Diagnosed Undiagnosed (N=95)
Healthy Controls, BDI-II ≤ 5 Subclinical, BDI-II ≥ 10 Unclassified, 5 < BDI-II < 10
N 22 72 21 2
(12 past MDD, 10 present MDD)
Age M = 18.91, SD = 1.34 M = 19.00, SD = 1.23 M = 18.43, SD = 0.81 M = 18.00
18 - 24 range 18 - 23 range 18 - 21 range ages 18, 18
Gender 8 males, 14 females 33 males, 39 females 3 males, 18 females 1 males, 1 females
BDI-II score M = 21.82, SD = 5.70 M = 1.60, SD = 1.48 M = 22.95, SD = 4.25 M = 6.50, SD = 0.71
Study V (N=53)
Diagnosed Healthy Controls, PHQ-9 ≤ 5 Subclinical Unclassified
N 24 29 - -
Age M = 30.88, SD = 10.37 M = 31.45, SD = 9.15 - -
16 - 52 range 19 - 52 range - -
Gender 13 males, 11 females 11 males, 13 females - -
PHQ-9 score M = 18.33, SD = 3.50 M = 2.66, SD = 1.80 - -