Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) of 12-Month DSM-5 Nicotine Use Disorder (NUD) and Other Psychiatric Disordersa
| Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics |
Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Additional Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild |
Moderate |
Severe |
Any NUD |
Mild |
Moderate |
Severe |
Any NUD |
|
| Comorbid Disorder | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) |
| Any substance use disorder | 2.12 (1.88–2.32) | 3.57 (3.16–4.03) | 5.70 (5.06–6.43) | 3.62 (3.32–3.93) | 2.09 (1.84–2.38) | 3.08 (2.72–3.50) | 4.09 (3.60–4.65) | 3.02 (2.76–3.31) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 2.04 (1.79–2.42) | 3.27 (2.88–3.70) | 4.54 (4.01–5.14) | 3.20 (2.93–3.49) | 1.94 (1.69–2.22) | 2.67 (2.33–3.06) | 2.88 (2.52–3.29) | 2.47 (2.25–2.72) |
| Any drug use disorder | 2.32 (1.79–3.01) | 4.49 (3.62–5.58) | 10.97 (9.23–13.04) | 5.69 (4.98–6.51) | 1.88 (1.42–2.48) | 2.73 (2.13–3.51) | 5.08 (4.19–6.18) | 3.29 (2.84–3.82) |
| Any mood disorder | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 1.91 (1.65–2.22) | 3.80 (3.36–4.30) | 2.18 (1.99–2.39) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 1.31 (1.12–1.55) | 1.87 (1.61–2.17) | 1.41 (1.27–1.57) |
| Major depressive disorder | 1.15 (0.98–1.34) | 1.76 (1.49–2.08) | 2.78 (2.42–3.19) | 1.87 (1.69–2.06) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 1.32 (1.10–1.57) | 1.39 (1.15–1.69) | 1.26 (1.12–1.42) |
| Persistent depression (dysthymia) | 1.10 (0.85–1.43) | 1.46 (1.11–2.91) | 2.46 (2.00–3.04) | 1.69 (1.44–1.98) | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.93 (0.68–1.26) | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) |
| Bipolar I | 1.64 (0.99–2.72) | 2.58 (1.74–3.84) | 7.88 (6.07–10.22) | 4.03 (3.19–5.11) | 1.40 (0.83–2.37) | 1.43 (0.95–2.15) | 2.53 (1.87–3.42) | 1.93 (1.49–2.50) |
| Bipolar II | 0.31 (0.09–1.03) | 0.87 (0.38–1.99) | 4.68 (2.78–7.88) | 2.02 (1.29–3.18) | 0.26 (0.08–0.86) | 0.52 (0.24–1.16) | 1.85 (1.07–3.21) | 1.05 (0.67–1.64) |
| Any anxiety disorder | 1.12 (0.96–1.29) | 1.74 (1.53–1.98) | 3.31 (2.94–3.73) | 1.98 (1.82–2.16) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 1.53 (1.33–1.75) | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) |
| Panic | 1.37 (1.06–1.78) | 2.23 (1.74–2.84) | 4.54 (3.69–5.57) | 2.72 (2.34–3.15) | 1.22 (0.91–1.64) | 1.46 (1.12–1.90) | 1.76 (1.39–2.23) | 1.53 (1.28–1.82) |
| Agoraphobia | 0.90 (0.53–1.53) | 2.24 (1.64–3.05) | 3.94 (2.88–5.39) | 2.39 (1.83–3.13) | 0.77 (0.44–1.35) | 1.40 (0.97–2.03) | 1.32 (0.91–1.92) | 1.22 (0.88–1.69) |
| Social phobia | 0.85 (0.61–1.19) | 1.73 (1.30–2.30) | 2.65 (2.07–3.38) | 1.75 (1.45–2.12) | 0.72 (0.51–1.03) | 1.11 (0.80–1.54) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) |
| Specific phobia | 1.16 (0.89–1.50) | 1.39 (1.13–1.70) | 2.45 (2.09–2.86) | 1.66 (1.47–1.87) | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 0.98 (0.79–1.23) | 1.21 (0.99–1.47) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.06 (0.86–1.30) | 1.80 (1.49–2.18) | 3.59 (3.01–4.15) | 2.12 (1.89–2.38) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 1.11 (0.89–1.39) | 1.29 (1.11–1.50) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | 1.97 (1.59–2.44) | 4.04 (3.41–4.78) | 2.35 (2.03–2.73) | 0.98 (0.73–1.32) | 1.20 (0.95–1.51) | 1.50 (1.27–1.78) | 1.27 (1.09–1.49) |
| Schizotypal personality disorder | 0.97 (0.78–1.19) | 1.62 (1.34–1.97) | 4.73 (4.06–5.50) | 2.34 (2.06–2.65) | 0.72 (0.58–0.90) | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 1.51 (1.22–1.86) | 1.06 (0.90–1.24) |
| Borderline personality disorder | 1.36 (1.11–1.65) | 2.46 (2.12–2.85) | 5.36 (4.70–6.10) | 2.87 (2.58–3.19) | 1.25 (0.99–1.58) | 1.56 (1.31–1.86) | 2.05 (1.75–2.41) | 1.64 (1.43–1.88) |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 1.69 (1.32–2.12) | 2.82 (2.34–3.39) | 5.31 (4.46–6.33) | 3.22 (2.87–3.62) | 1.52 (1.21–1.91) | 1.84 (1.51–2.24) | 2.39 (1.93–2.95) | 1.96 (1.71–2.25) |
a
Significant (P < .05) odds ratios appear in bold font.