Schematic illustrations of representative
synthetic methods for
helical MagRobots. (A) Fabrication process of piezoelectric magnetic
microswimmers by laser ablation. Reproduced with permission from ref (217). Copyright 2019 The Royal
Society of Chemistry. (B) Fabrication of biodegradable helical MagRobots
using two-photon polymerization. Reproduced with permission from ref (238). Copyright 2018 WILEY-VCH
Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (C) Preparation process of platelet-membrane-cloaked
MagRobots by TAED method including (i) Pd/Cu coelectrodeposition,
(ii) etching of Cu and collection of helical structures, (iii) deposition
of Ni and Au layers, (iv) collection of helical nanostructures, (v)
surface modification, and (vi) fusion of platelet-membrane-derived
vesicles to the modified surface. Reproduced with permission from
ref (216). Copyright
2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (D) Preparation
steps of acid-stable enzyme-functionalized MagRobots by GLAD. Reproduced
with permission from ref (222). Copyright 2015 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive
licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. (E)
Origami-inspired approach to prepare microswimmers by one-step photolithography.
Reproduced with permission from ref (245). Copyright 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved;
exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science.
(F) Fabrication of helical microrobots with hollow structures with
the assistance of coiled flow template. Reproduced with permission
from ref (223). Copyright
2018 American Chemical Society. (G) Fabrication process of biohybrid
microswimmers based on Spirulina platensis. Reproduced
with permission from ref (226). Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.