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. 2021 Mar 16;121(8):4506–4530. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00917

Table 1. Leaching Systems Using Halogens as Oxidizing Agents in Organic Solvents for Dissolution of Metals in Various Application Fields.

Solvent system Metals studied Application References
Br2-EtOAc U, Nd, Sm, Ce, Pr, La, Y, Ga, Zr Separation of metals and metal oxides (2, 18, 31)
Br2-MeOH Be, Zr, Th, U Phase analysis (B content in metals) (19)
  GaAs, GaP Polishing or etching of semiconductors (3, 24, 25)
  Fe Determination of iron content in rusted iron sponge (32)
  Ni Phase analysis (TiC-Ni cermets) (33)
X2 (Cl2, Br2, I2, ICl, Cl3) -organic solvents (MeOH, MeOAc, BuOAc, ACN) Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, FeMo, Ni, FeNi, P, FeSi, S, Sn, Ti, FeW, V, Phase analysis (2023)
Cl2-DMF Mo Chlorination (26)
Cl2-DMF-H2O Re, W, Mo Chlorination (27)
Cl2-DMF-HCl Re, Pt Chlorination (28)
Cl2-DMF-FeCl3 Zr Chlorination (29)
Cl2-tetrachloroethylene (TCE)-TBP U Chlorination (30)
Br2-organic solvent (EtOH, DMF, EG, EtOAc, MeOAc) Ni, Cu Remove coatings from SmCo magnets (34)
Br2-EtOH Au, Ag, Pt extracting noble metals from solid residues after mineral acid leaching of raw materials (35)