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. 2021 Mar 11;121(8):4561–4677. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752

Figure 31.

Figure 31

Concentration gradient generation in microfluidic devices. (A) Chemical concentration gradient generation on microfluidic platforms. (a) Microfluidic T-channel with two input fluids in a steady state. Reprinted with permission from ref (743). Copyright 1999 American Chemical Society. (b) Gradient culture device. Reprinted with permission from ref (746). Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Microfluidic channel network to create the gradients of two dyes in solution. Reprinted with permission from ref (640). Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. (d) Microfluidic high-throughput cell-based assay. Reprinted with permission from ref (636). Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH. (e) Multilayer microfluidic device to create 3 replicates of 10 independent concentration gradients. Reprinted with permission from ref (650). Copyright 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry. (B) Oxygen concentration gradient control in microfluidic devices. (a) Microfluidic device to formulate oxygen gradients by diffusing oxygen through PDMS side walls. Reprinted with permission from ref (689). Copyright 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Microfluidic oxygen tension generator integrated with a sandwiched gas permeable membrane. Reprinted with permission from ref (691). Copyright 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry. (C) Multiple gradients formation. (a) Microfluidic cell culture platform capable of generating chemical and oxygen gradients. Reprinted with permission from ref (749). Copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) High-throughput photodynamic therapy (PDT) screening chip. Scale bar 5 mm (right). Reprinted with permission from ref (751). Copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry.