Figure 1.

Changes in microbiota composition in individuals after NNRTI-based therapy (2 NRTI+NNRTI): (A) α-diversity scores of the gut microbiota for evaluating the richness (Chao1, ACE, observed species) and diversity (Fisher) of bacterial communities in individuals before (n = 8) and after (n = 8) NNRTI-based therapy (2 NRTI+NNRTI) by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We observed a significant reduction in α-diversity in patients under NNRTI-based therapy relative to that before treatment. (B) PERMANOVA analysis of gut microbes at the phylum level in individuals under NNRTI-based treatment. (C and D) Bar plots depicting the relative abundance at the microbial family and genus levels in patients who received non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2 NRTI+NNRTIs, n = 8).