Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of combined, training, and validation cohort.
| Characteristics | Combined cohort | Training cohort | Validation cohort |
| n = 470 | n = 235 | n = 235 | |
| Age, y | 58.09 ± 12.93 | 56.16 ± 13.52 | 59.71 ± 10.8 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 180 (38.29%) | 93 (39.57%) | 87 (37.02%) |
| Male | 290 (61.71%) | 142 (60.43%) | 148 (62.98) |
| T stage (8th AJCC) | |||
| T1 | 50 (10.64%) | 25 (10.64%) | 25 (10.64%) |
| T2 | 78 (16.59%) | 30 (12.77%) | 48 (20.43%) |
| T3 | 90 (19.15%) | 44 (18.72%) | 46 (19.57%) |
| T4 | 153 (32.55%) | 78 (33.19%) | 75 (31.91%) |
| Tx | 99 (21.06%) | 58 (24.68%) | 41 (17.45%) |
| N stage (8th AJCC) | |||
| N0 | 235 (50%) | 113 (48.09%) | 122 (51.91%) |
| N1 | 74 (15.74%) | 38 (16.17%) | 36 (15.32%) |
| N2 | 49 (10.43%) | 27 (11.49%) | 22 (9.36%) |
| N3 | 55 (11.7%) | 27 (11.49%) | 28 (11.91%) |
| Nx | 57 (12.13%) | 30 (12.77%) | 27 (11.49%) |
| M stage (8th AJCC) | |||
| M0 | 418 (88.94%) | 198 (84.26%) | 220 (93.62%) |
| M1 | 24 (5.11%) | 18 (7.66%) | 6 (2.55%) |
| Mx | 28 (5.95%) | 19 (8.08%) | 9 (3.83%) |
| TNM stage (8th AJCC) | |||
| Stage I | 89 (18.94%) | 37 (15.74%) | 52 (22.13%) |
| Stage II | 140 (29.79%) | 70 (29.79%) | 70 (22.79%) |
| Stage III | 171 (36.38%) | 85 (36.17%) | 86 (36.59%) |
| Stage IV | 23 (4.89%) | 17 (7.23%) | 6 (2.55%) |
| Other | 47 (10%) | 26 (11.06%) | 21 (8.94%) |