Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study patients (n = 1018).
| Open ICU | Closed ICU | ||||
| n = 450 | n = 568 | P value | Missing | ||
| Age | Median (IQR) | 73 (65–82) | 72 (62–81) | 0.05 | – |
| Gender | |||||
| male | no (%) | 292 (64.9) | 334 (58.8) | 0.048 | – |
| BMI | Median (IQR) | 21.6 (19.0–25.1) | 21.8 (19.0–24.4) | 0.66 | 7 |
| Admission source | |||||
| Emergency Department | no/total (%) | 258/450 (57.3) | 297/567 (52.4) | 0.06 | 1 |
| Transfer or other departments | no/total (%) | 185/450 (40.0) | 240/567 (42.3) | ||
| ICU | no/total (%) | 12/450 (2.7) | 30/567 (5.3) | ||
| Coexisting conditions | |||||
| Myocardial infarction | no (%) | 22 (4.9) | 29 (5.1) | 0.87 | – |
| Congestive heart failure | no (%) | 53 (11.8) | 56 (9.9) | 0.33 | – |
| Cerebrovascular disease | no (%) | 49 (10.9) | 66 (11.6) | 0.71 | – |
| Dementia | no (%) | 44 (9.8) | 36 (6.3) | 0.04 | – |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | no (%) | 31 (6.9) | 40 (7.0) | 0.92 | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | no (%) | 105 (23.3) | 138 (24.3) | 0.72 | – |
| Chronic kidney disease | no (%) | 31 (6.9) | 45 (7.9) | 0.53 | – |
| Malignancy (solid or blood) | no (%) | 72 (16.0) | 76 (13.4) | 0.23 | |
| Moderate to severe Liver disease | no (%) | 8 (1.8) | 15 (2.6) | 0.36 | – |
| Charlson comorbidity index | Median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.40 | – |
| ADL | |||||
| dependent | no/total (%) | 106/449 (23.6) | 140/567 (24.7) | 0.69 | 2 |
| Medication | |||||
| Steroids | no (%) | 56 (12.4) | 77 (13.6) | 0.60 | – |
| Immunosuppressant | no (%) | 16 (3.6) | 23 (4.1) | 0.68 | – |
| Suspect site of infection | |||||
| Lung | no (%) | 177 (39.3) | 144 (25.3) | <0.001 | – |
| Abdomen | no (%) | 111 (24.7) | 161 (28.3) | ||
| Urinary tract | no (%) | 73 (16.2) | 108 (19.0) | ||
| Blood stream infection/endocardium/Catheter/Implant device | no (%) | 11 (2.4) | 29 (5.1) | ||
| Central nerve system | no (%) | 6 (1.3) | 13 (2.3) | ||
| Osteoarticular | no (%) | 4 (0.9) | 9 (1.6) | ||
| Skin/soft tissue | no (%) | 45 (10.0) | 59 (10.4) | ||
| Wound | no (%) | 3 (0.7) | 6 (1.1) | ||
| Other | no (%) | 20 (4.5) | 39 (6.9) | ||
| Positive blood cultures | no/total (%) | 234/450 (52.0) | 339/563 (60.2) | 0.008 | 5 |
| Septic shock | no (%) | 246 (54.7) | 384 (67.6) | <0.001 | – |
| Initial serum lactate | Median (IQR) | 3.1 (1.8–5.5) | 3.0 (1.9–5.2) | 0.59 | 73 |
| Organ dysfunction on arrival | |||||
| Hypotension | no/total (%) | 202/450 (44.9) | 303/568 (53.4) | 0.007 | – |
| Hyperlactatemia (> 2mmol/L) | no/total (%) | 291/450 (64.7) | 379/568 (66.7) | 0.49 | – |
| Acute kidney injury (Creatinine > 2.0mg/dl) | no/total (%) | 170/450 (37.8) | 217/568 (38.2) | 0.89 | – |
| Acute lung injury | no/total (%) | 54/401 (13.5) | 83/536 (15.5) | 0.39 | – |
| Hyperbilirubinemia (> 20. Mg/dL) | no/total (%) | 74/450 (16.4) | 102/568 (18.0) | 0.53 | – |
| Thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/μL) | no/total (%) | 110/450 (24.4) | 187/568 (32.9) | 0.003 | – |
| Coagulopathy (PT-INR > 1.5) | no/total (%) | 77/450 (44.2) | 114/568 (20.1) | 0.23 | – |
| ARDS | no/total (%) | 54/401 (13.5) | 83/536 (15.5) | 0.39 | 81 |
| APACHE II score | Median (IQR) | 22 (16–29) | 23 (17–30) | 0.11 | 108 |
| SOFA score | Median (IQR) | 8 (5–11) | 9 (6–12) | 0.009 | 160 |