. 2021 Apr 15;69(16):4816–4826. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00679

Table 3. Amounts of Metabolites (mmol/L) Quantitated by NMR in the Regular (PA100, PA95, and PA85) Craft Beers and Loss % in the Low Alcoholic (LA-PA100, LA-PA95, and LA-PA) Craft Beers^a.

metabolite	PA100 (mmol/L)	PA95 (mmol/L)	PA85 (mmol/L)	LA-PA100 (loss %)	LA-PA95 (Loss %)	LA-PA85 (Loss %)
EtOH	1120.3 ± 50.0^a	1154.8 ± 2.3^a	1165.8 ± 31.5^a	80	90	88
isobutanol	0.61 ± 0.01^a	0.68 ± 0.01^b	0.74 ± 0.02^b	84	85	81
isopentanol	0.75 ± 0.01^a	0.90 ± 0.04^b	0.88 ± 0.03^b	77	88	84
propanol	0.49 ± 0.02^a	0.49 ± 0.03^a	0.50 ± 0.05^a	77	88	89
2-phenylethanol	0.42 ± 0.006^a	0.48 ± 0.004^a	0.52 ± 0.040^a	27	40	59
Amino Acids
alanine	0.15 ± 0.01^a	0.15 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.004^b	72	62	83
proline	3.66 ± 0.14^a	3.17 ± 0.06^b	3.35 ± 0.04 ^ab	19	15	36
pyroglutamate	1.58 ± 0.04^a	1.62 ± 0.02^a	1.61 ± 0.09^a	30	21	26
tyrosine	0.32 ± 0.02^a	0.32 ± 0.01^a	0.35 ± 0.03^a	30	32	53
histidine	0.19 ± 0.01^a	0.20 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	nd	nd	nd
GABA	nq	nq	nq
phenylalanine	nq	nq	nq
valine	nq	nq	nq
Organic Acids
acetic A	1.47 ± 0.02 ^ab	1.40 ± 0.02^a	1.60 ± 0.05^b	52	48	61
lacticA	4.85 ± 0.10^a	4.21 ± 0.004^b	4.33 ± 0.03^b	9	11	–25
pyruvic A	0.86 ± 0.03^a	0.80 ± 0.003^ab	0.74 ± 0.01^b	0	0	–42
succinic A	2.63 ± 0.09^a	2.94 ± 0.03^b	3.12 ± 0.09^b	0	0	30
fumaric A	0.038 ± 0.002^a	0.03 ± 0.002^a	0.03 ± 0.01^a	28	21	0
gallic A	0.15 ± 0.01^a	0.16 ± 0.004^a	0.17 ± 0.01^a	0	0	22
citric A	nq	nq	nq
Carbohydrates
maltodextrines α(1–6)	25.80 ± 0.74^a	28.43 ± 0.03^a	28.87 ± 1.68^a	0	0	21
reduced end units	15.00 ± 0.45^a	18.12 ± 0.08^b	17.76 ± 0.75^b	18	13	0
maltodextrines α(1–4)	171.12 ± 7.11^a	203.63 ± 0.32^b	200.26 ± 9.16^b	0	0	–15
Nucleosides
adenosine	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.01^b	0.31 ± 0.01^b	nd	nd	nd
cytidine	0.35 ± 0.03^a	0.29 ± 0.04^a	0.25 ± 0.004^a	0	0	28
uridine	0.32 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.02^a	0.37 ± 0.03^a	0	0	58
Miscellaneous
choline	0.43 ± 0.02^a	0.38 ± 0.002^a	0.40 ± 0.01^a	0	0	–14
glycerol	22.88 ± 0.66^a	23.94 ± 0.14^a	25.02 ± 0.70^a	0	0	20
glycinebetaine	nq	nq	nq
GP-choline	0.93 ± 0.04^a	1.10 ± 0.01^b	1.21 ± 0.02^b	0	8	58

Values with different letters^a,b within rows are significantly different (p < 0.05); values with ^ab letters are not significantly different with respect to^a and^b rows* significant (p < 0.05) loss % (LA-PA vs PA); nd = not detected; nq = not quantified.

Table 3. Amounts of Metabolites (mmol/L) Quantitated by NMR in the Regular (PA100, PA95, and PA85) Craft Beers and Loss % in the Low Alcoholic (LA-PA100, LA-PA95, and LA-PA) Craft Beersa.

Table 3. Amounts of Metabolites (mmol/L) Quantitated by NMR in the Regular (PA100, PA95, and PA85) Craft Beers and Loss % in the Low Alcoholic (LA-PA100, LA-PA95, and LA-PA) Craft Beers^a.