Table 1:
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Sample, and by Survey type.
| Total Sample (N=932) | e-Literacy Survey Sub-sample (N=633) | mHealth/Technology Use Survey Sub-sample (N=424) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.9 (9.3) | 67.6 (9.2) | 68.5 (9.2) | 0.06 |
| Male gender, % | 58.5 | 60.5 | 56.1 | 0.08 |
| Race/Ethnicity, % | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 37.9 | 31.9 | 42.9 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 51.4 | 54.8 | 49.8 | |
| Hispanic | 7.6 | 10.7 | 3.5 | |
| Other | 3.1 | 2.5 | 3.8 | |
| Annual Household Income, % | 0.18 | |||
| <$20,000 | 25.4 | 26.2 | 25.5 | |
| $20–50,000 | 25.1 | 26.9 | 23.6 | |
| >$50,000 | 34.2 | 31.4 | 35.9 | |
| Prefer not to answer | 15.2 | 15.5 | 15.1 | |
| Education, % | <0.001 | |||
| <High school | 15.2 | 18.5 | 12.7 | |
| High school/some college | 47.0 | 47.6 | 47.2 | |
| College or higher | 37.8 | 33.9 | 40.1 | |
| Clinical Recruitment Site*, % | <0.001 | |||
| East Coast | 50.6 | 67.3 | 28.5 | |
| Midwest | 35.9 | 32.4 | 42.2 | |
| South | 6.4 | 0 | 14.2 | |
| West Coast | 7.0 | 0.3 | 15.1 | |
| Adequate Health Literacy1, % | 89.0 | 87.4 | 90.8 | 0.04 |
| Cognition score2, mean (SD) | 91.7 (8.0) | 91.1 (8.5) | 92.2 (6.9) | 0.02 |
| Depressive symptom score3, mean (SD) | 7.6 (8.0) | 7.8 (8.3) | 7.3 (7.3) | 0.69 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2, mean (SD) | 54.4 (15.3) | 53.6 (15.7) | 54.4 (14.6) | 0.06 |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease, % | 25.5 | 25.6 | 26.4 | 0.85 |
| Diabetes, % | 46.6 | 49.3 | 44.3 | 0.04 |
| Hypertension, % | 85.2 | 88.2 | 81.6 | <0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.0) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.1 (2.0) | 0.05 |
| Disease self-efficacy4, mean (SD) | 41.3 (8.7) | 41.3 (9.1) | 41.2 (7.9) | 0.25 |
| Social support score5, mean (SD)^ | 16.0 (5.9) | 15.7 (6.0) | 16.4 (5.9) | 0.33 |
| Adequate eHealth Literacy6, % | -- | 27.2 | -- | -- |
eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate
East coast (Philadelphia, PA, Baltimore, MA), Midwest (Ann Arbor, MI; Cleveland, OH; Chicago, IL), South (New Orleans, LA); West Coast (San Francisco, CA; Oakland, CA)
Assessed with S-TOFHLA instrument (adequate score >16, out of 36)16
Assessed with modified mini-Mental State Exam (score range 0–100)18
Assessed with Becks depression inventory (score range 0–63)17
Assessed with disease self-efficacy20 (score range 5–50); only assessed in Phase III cohort participants (N=462)
Assessed with Lubben social network scale, score range (0–30)19; only assessed in Phase III cohort participants ≥65 years of age (N=235)
X2 testing of difference across survey type sub-samples for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables