Table 1.

Participant Demographics

Bilingual Group	N	% Female	Mean Age (SD)	Age Range	Mean Self-Proficiency Reading English (0–4)	Mean Self-Proficiency Reading Language 2 (0–4)	BLP Speaking & Understanding Spoken English (0–6)	BLP Speaking & Understanding Language 2 (0–6)
Deaf ASL-English	15	47	29.4 (6.5)	19 to 39	3.67 (.52)	not applicable*	no speech used†	6.0 (0.0)
Hearing Chinese-English	22	S6	19.6 (1.36)	18 to 23	3.55 (.72)	1.91 (1.38)	5.45 (1.39)	4.33 (1.65)
Hearing Korean-English	15	80	19.8 (.94)	18 to 21	3.80 (.41)	1.82 (.85)	5.93 (.18)	3.71 (1.75)
Hearing Spanish-English	34	76	20.2 (1.89)	18 to 25	3.91 (.31)	2.41 (.94)	5.85 (.38)	4.63 (1.24)

^*ASL does not have orthography.

^†This is by subject selection/study design