Fig. 5. IVC filter placement before endovascular thrombus removal.

A 76-year-old woman presented with right leg swelling for 3 days ago.

A. Ascending venography shows multiple filling defects along the femoral vein (arrows). The common femoral vein and its upper vein maintain normal blood flow (not shown). B. Follow-up venography performed after catheter maceration using a 5-F catheter had been shown to capture large amounts of thrombus in the IVC filter (arrows). C, D. Completion venography shows recovered venous flow. Femoral vein duplication is observed (arrows, C). The IVC filter was not removed because of bed-ridden state of patient. IVC = inferior vena cava