Table 1. Patient Characteristics (n = 312).
| Variables | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52.7 ± 14.3 |
| Male, n (%) | 227 (72.8) |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 97 (31.1) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 52 (16.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 23 (7.4) |
| COPD, n (%) | 13 (4.2) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 117 (37.5) |
| NYHA class, n (I/II/III/IV) | 149/97/58/8 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 29 (9.3) |
| Coronary calcium score, median (range) | 0 (0–3,660) |
| Valve calcium score, median (range) | 615 (0–14,073) |
| BAV morphology | |
| Raphe+/raphe–, n (%) | 185 (59.3)/127 (40.7) |
| BAV-AP/BAV-RL, n (%) | 188 (60.3)/124 (39.7) |
| Aortic phenotype, n (%) | |
| Normal | 39 (12.5) |
| Root dilatation | 33 (10.6) |
| Mid ascending aorta dilatation | 45 (14.4) |
| Combined root and ascending aorta dilatation | 195 (62.5) |
| Aorta aneurysm, n (%) | 72 (23.1) |
| AS, n (%) | |
| None or mild | |
| Moderate or severe | 171 (54.8) |
| AR, n (%) | |
| None or mild | 212 (67.9) |
| Moderate or severe | 100 (32.1) |
| Aortic root | |
| Dimension (mm) | 39.6 ± 6.1 |
| Size index (cm/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.3 |
| Size index > 2.1 cm/m2 | 228 (73.1) |
| Tubular portion | |
| Dimension (mm) | 43.0 ± 7.6 |
| Size index (cm/m2) | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
| Size index > 2.1 cm/m2 | 240 (76.9) |
| Echocardiographic data | |
| LVEF (%) | 63.1 ± 12.1 |
| End diastolic volume (mL) | 148.4 ± 73.4 |
| End systolic volume (mL) | 57.8 ± 44.8 |
| AR/AS/ASR/Normal, n | 104/97/92/19 |
| Aortic valve surgery, n (%) | 240 (76.9) |
| Aortic surgery, n (%) | 121 (38.8) |
AP = anterior-posterior, AR = aortic regurgitation, AS = aortic stenosis, ASR = aortic stenosis and regurgitation, BAV = bicuspid aortic valve, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA = New York Heart Association, RL = right-left