Table 1.

Overview of experimental methods and results related to uniaxially constrained tissue equivalents seeded with human dermal fibroblasts (FB)

Cell type	Force $(\frac{\mathrm{\mu }N}{{10}^6\mathrm{cells}})$	Cell density $(\frac{{10}^{6}cells}{\text{ml}})$	Collagen concentration $(\frac{\mathit{mg}}{\mathit{ml}})$	Annotations	References
Human dermal FB	2522 (Max.)	0.20	0.46		Delvoye et al. (1991)
	2377 (Max.)	0.40
Human dermal FB	126 (Plat.)	1.10	1.00		Eastwood et al. (1994)
Human dermal FB	260-609 (Max.)	Unknown	0.80	Different cell lines	Eastwood et al. (1996)
	333 (Plat.)			Extraction by collagenase digestion
	516 (Plat.)			Extraction by explant growth
Human dermal FB	355 (Max.)	1.00	1.50	No mAb 4B4 ($\beta$1-blocking antibody)	Jenkins et al. (1999)
	252 (Max.)			1 $\mathrm{\mu }$g/ml mAb 4B4
	218 (Max.)			2 $\mathrm{\mu }$g/ml mAb 4B4
Human dermal FB	$\begin{array}{c}\hfill -54(\text{Plat.})\\ \hfill 342(\text{Max.})\\ \hfill 629(\text{Plat.})\end{array}$	1.00	1.70	$\left(\begin{array}{c}0\%\text{FBS}\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS}\hfill \\ 10\%\text{FBS}\hfill \end{array}\right\}\begin{array}{c}\hfill \text{Matched cell line and}\\ \hfill \text{Passage number}(\ast )\end{array}$	Brown et al. (2002)
	$\begin{array}{c}\hfill 334(\text{Max.})\\ \hfill 254(\text{Max.})\\ \hfill 544(\text{Max.})\\ \hfill 515(\text{Max.})\\ \hfill 82(\text{Max.})\end{array}$			$\left(\begin{array}{c}2\%\text{FBS, no TGF}-\beta 1\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},2.5\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 1\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},7.5\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 1\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},15.0\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 1\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},30.0\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 1\hfill \end{array}\right\}\ast$
	$\begin{array}{c}80(\text{Max.})\hfill \\ 258(\text{Plat.})\hfill \\ 381(\text{Max.})\hfill \\ 118(\text{Max.})\hfill \end{array}$			$\left(\begin{array}{c}2\%\text{FBS, 2.5 ng/ml TGF}-\beta 3\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},7.5\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 3\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},15.0\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 3\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},30.0\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 3\hfill \end{array}\right\}\ast$
	$\begin{array}{c}\hfill 199(\text{Max.})\\ \hfill 623(\text{Plat.})\end{array}$			$\left(\begin{array}{c}2\%\text{FBS, no TGF}-\beta 1or-\beta 3\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},12.5\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 1\hfill \\ 2\%\text{FBS},15.0\text{ng/ml TGF}-\beta 3\hfill \end{array}\right\}\ast$
Human dermal FB	159 (Plat.)	0.29	1.83		Campbell et al. (2003)
	182 (Max.)
Human dermal FB	129 (Plat.)	1.00	Unknown	0% prestrain, FBS addition after 0 h	Karamichos et al. (2007)
	17 (Max.)			5% prestrain, FBS addition after 0 h
	34 (Max.)			10% prestrain, FBS addition after 0 h
	179 (Plat.)			0% prestrain, FBS addition after 1 h
	78 (Plat.)			5% prestrain, FBS addition after 1 h
	15 (Plat.)			10% prestrain, FBS addition after 1 h

Forces refer to experiments without (or before) any external strain applied. The culture medium contained 10% FBS unless indicated differently. Maximal forces (Max.) and plateau forces (Plat.) are normalized by the number of cells used in the experiment. Due to missing data, the possibly more suitable normalization (force/cross-sectional area)/(number of cells/gel volume) was not possible. Therefore, information about the dimensions of the tissue equivalents (cross-sectional area, length, volume) in future studies would facilitate the comparison between experiments