Table 2.

Overview of experimental methods and results related to tissue equivalents seeded with cells other than human dermal fibroblasts (FB)

Cell type	Force $(\frac{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{N}}{{10}^{6}cells})$	Cell density $(\frac{{10}^{6}cells}{\mathit{ml}})$	Collagen concentration$(\frac{\mathit{mg}}{\mathit{ml}})$	Annotations	References
Human osteosarcoma FB	221 (Max.)	1.00	1.50	Without $\alpha$2$\beta$2 integrins	Jenkins et al. (1999)
	318 (Max.)			With $\alpha$2$\beta$2 integrins
Human ocular FB	18 (Plat.)	7.00	1.50	Human scleral FB	Dahlmann-Noor et al. (2007)
	208 (Plat.)	1.00		FB human Tenon’s
	311 (Plat.)	1.00		Human corneal FB
Human tarsal plate FB	162 (Plat.)	1.00	1.58	Healthy upper eyelid FB	Ezra et al. (2010)
	437 (Plat.)			Floppy eyelid syndrome FB
Human fascial tissue FB	80 (Max.)	1.00	1.88	Healthy carpal ligament (HCL)	Bisson et al. (2004)
	219 (Max.)			Dupuytren’s cord (DC)
	290 (Max.)			Dupuytren’s nodule (DN)
Human fascial tissue FB	91 (Max.)	1.00	1.88	HCL FB, without TGF-$\beta$1	Bisson et al. (2009)
	234 (Max.)			DC FB, without TGF-$\beta$1
	262 (Max.)			DN FB, without TGF-$\beta$1
	330 (Max.)			HCL FB, 2 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$1
	428 (Max.)			DC FB, 2 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$1
	560 (Max.)			DN FB, 2 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$1
Calf dermal FB	5623 (Plat.)	0.20	0.46		Delvoye et al. (1991)
Chick embryo FB	585 (Plat.)	0.77	0.87		Kolodney and Wysolmerski (1992)
Rabbit tendon FB	124 (Max.)	Unknown	0.80	Endotenon FB	Eastwood et al. (1996)
	172 (Max.)			Sheath FB
Rabbit tendon FB	168 (Plat.)	1.00	Unknown	P0, P = passage number	Sawadkar et al. (2020)
	126 (Max.)			P1
	90 (Max.)			P3
	51 (Max.)			P6
Rat tendon FB	197 (Max.)	1.00	1.70	Without TGF-$\beta$1	Marenzana et al. (2006)
				$\text{RMT}=53\mathrm{\mu }\text{N}/{10}^6\text{cells}$
	456 (Max.)			15.0 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$1
				$\text{RMT}=40\mathrm{\mu }\text{N}/{10}^6\text{cells}$
NIH 3T3 FB	255(Plat.)	0.20	1.50	Uniaxially constrained	Eichinger et al. (2020)
	213 (Plat.)	0.50	2.50	Uniaxially constrained
	187 (Plat.)	0.50	1.50	Uniaxially constrained
	135 (Plat.)	0.50	0.80	Uniaxially constrained
	128 (Plat.)	1.00	1.50	Uniaxially constrained
	138 (Plat.)	1.00	1.50	Biaxially constrained x-direction
	142 (Plat.)			Biaxially constrained y-direction
Porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell	759 (Plat.)	1.00	1.00	Inner 25% of artery, healthy	Hall et al. (2007)
	1119 (Plat.)			Outer 50% of artery, healthy
	524 (Plat.)			Inner 25% of artery, hypoxic
	228 (Plat.)			Outer 50% of artery, hypoxic

Experiments were conducted in a uniaxial setup with medium containing 10% FBS unless indicated differently. Forces refer to experiments without (or before) any external strain applied. The RMT was obtained 12 h after addition of the actin cytoskeleton disrupting agent cytochalasin D after 24 h in culture. Maximal forces (Max.) and plateau forces (Plat.) are normalized by the number of cells used in the experiment. Analogously to the studies with dermal fibroblast, the possibly more suitable normalization (force/cross-sectional area)/(number of cells/gel volume) was not possible due to a lack of data, again suggesting a need to provide information about the cross-sectional area in future studies