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. 2021 May 26;12:3154. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23511-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Sequential images showing dynamic impacts of water droplets on (a) macrotextured (We_pure = 12.5, We_overlaid = 22.5) and (b) curved (We_pure = 32.5, We_overlaid = 58.5) superhydrophobic surfaces. The overlayers thwart the two rebound upgrading mechanisms. c The phase diagram maps the impacting outcomes of the scenario in (a). The insets are the microscope images showing droplets after impacts in different phases. The green and red regions denote rebounding and deposited states, respectively. d Temperature evolution of superheated aluminium plates using different water cooling strategies. The overlaid water expedites the cooling. The insets are infrared thermal images of aluminium plates in cooling. Error bars denote the standard deviation over five experiments. e Comparison of the cooling rates in the initial 8 s. Insets are schematics of the cooling mechanisms. Error bars denote the standard deviation over five experiments.