Table 1.
Demographics of the patients on admission to the emergency department, volume of transfusion and outcomes.
| Non-DIC | DIC | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of the patients | 155 | 121 | |
| Age (years) | 59 (41–69) | 56 (42–78) | 0.386 |
| Male gender n (%) | 111 (71.6) | 72 (59.5) | 0.040 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.050 |
| Blunt injury n (%) | 150 (96.8) | 118 (97.5) | 0.856 |
| Isolated brain injury n (%) | 25 (16.1) | 9 (7.4) | 0.041 |
| DIC score | 3 (1–3) | 4 (4–5) | < 0.001 |
| Injury Severity Score | 24 (18–29) | 29 (24–41) | < 0.001 |
| Revised trauma score | 7.8 (6.9–7.8) | 6.9 (5.1–7.8) | < 0.001 |
| SIRS criteria | 2 (1–2) | 3 (3–3) | < 0.001 |
| Total SOFA score 24 h after admission | 4 (2–7) | 7 (4–9) | < 0.001 |
| Central nervous system | 0 (0–2) | 3 (1–4) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.008 |
| Respiration | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.034 |
| Coagulation | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | < 0.001 |
| Liver | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.031 |
| Renal | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.001 |
| SOFA score without coagulation | 3 (2–6) | 5 (3–7) | < 0.001 |
| Shock n (%) | 23 (14.8) | 38 (31.7) | 0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.3 (1.6–3.4) | 2.9 (2.0–5.0) | 0.002 |
| Body temperature (oC) | 36.6 (36.1–36.9) | 36.2 (35.6–36.7) | 0.002 |
| Tranexamic acid n (%) | 69 (44.5) | 66 (54.5) | 0.115 |
| Operation within 24 h after admission n (%) | 77 (51.0) | 73 (61.9) | 0.084 |
| Time from injury to ED | 45 (35–64) | 49 (32–76) | 0.571 |
| Intravenous fluids prior to ED (ml) | 0 (0–100) | 0 (0–200) | 0.060 |
| 3-h transfusion | |||
| Packed red blood cells (ml) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–840) | < 0.001 |
| Fresh frozen plasma (ml) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–480) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet concentrate (U) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.033 |
| 24-htransfusion | |||
| Packed red blood cells (ml) | 0 (0–280) | 1120 (0–3360) | < 0.001 |
| Fresh frozen plasma (ml) | 0 (0–240) | 960 (0–2400) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet concentrate (U) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–10) | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Massive transfusion n (%) | 8 (5.3) | 22 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
| MODS 24 h after admission n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 38 (57.6) | 0.021 |
| Organ dysfunction 24 h after admission | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilator-free days | 28 (23–28) | 21 (0–28) | < 0.001 |
| ICU-free days | 24 (18–26) | 20 (10–25) | 0.001 |
| Hospital death n (%) | 5 (3.2) | 24 (20.2) | < 0.001 |
Values are expressed as the median with the 25th–75th interquartile range or number (percentage).
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, ED emergency department, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SOFA sequential organ dysfunction assessment, ICU intensive care unit, MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Missing data of Outcomes from upper to bottom, 5, 95, 95, 8, 35, 3, respectively.