Table 2.
Comparison between a previous systematic review and this study
| Features | Luo et al34 | This study |
| Study design | Systematic review | Systematic review (with possible meta-analysis if there is sufficient homogeneity of included studies to allow this) |
| End of study search | 2017 | 2020 |
| Population | CKD (stages 3–5) | Non-dialysis CKD (stages 1–5) |
| Inclusion criteria | ||
| (1) CKD 3–5 patients over the age of 18 | CKD 1–5 patients over the age of 18 | |
| (2) Administered telemedicine to intervention groups | Will use home BP telemonitoring as intervention for BP control (including studies using additional non-telemonitoring management approaches for example, nurses, pharmacists, counselling, education or behavioural methods) | |
| (3) Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised controlled trials (qRCTs) | All study designs will be eligible for inclusion including time series studies, before/after studies, non-traditional comparison studies, clinical trials as well previously published reviews | |
| (4) Reported at least one main outcome including SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) | Reported at least one outcome including achievement of guideline-concordant targets on BP control, progression of CKD (eGFR, proteinuria criteria), hospitalisations, cost reduction, incident CVD and quality of life (QoL) | |
| Exclusion criteria | ||
| (1) Studies including patients on renal replacement therapy | CKD patient on KRT (dialysis or kidney transplantation) | |
| (2) Studies using additional non-telemedicine approaches such as face-to-face education or nutritional guidance in the multifactorial intervention for the intervention group | ||
| (3) Studies that were not reported in either English or Chinese | No language restriction | |
| (4) Studies with inaccessible or incomplete crucial information | Studies with inaccessible or incomplete information | |
| Intervention | Telehealth/telemedicine | Home BP telemonitoring with or without management support (nurses, pharmacist, physician, health aids, etc.) |
| Comparator | Usual/standard of care | Usual/standard of care or other modes of eHealth used for comparison with HBPT |
| Outcome(s) | SBP, DBP, MAP, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine, blood pressure control rate | BP control (SBP, DBP, MAP), progression of CKD (eGFR, serum creatinine, proteinuria criteria), hospitalisations, incident CVD and QoL |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBPT, home blood pressure telemonitoring; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; SBP, systolic blood pressure.