Figure 5.

Nested hierarchy of success factors and limiting factors for health service innovation. Factors that may be significant to both value generation for the intended beneficiaries and to whether the innovation is scaled up beyond the original pilot are labelled as core needs. Factors that may be significant specifically to value generation are the next priority (middle layer) as innovations that do not generate value will not become embedded or spread. Finally, factors that may primarily be significant to expansion are presented in the outermost layer. Additional limiting factors were identified through an inductive analysis of qualitative responses from projects that had scaled down or failed to produce their intended value.