Table 2.

Summary statistics by group and period

Variable	Intervention group					Control group
	Obs	Before		After		Obs	Before		After
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
No of unscheduled hospital admissions & ED visits	954	4.09	3.62	2.89	3.70	450	5.19	3.99	4.06	4.67
No of unscheduled hospital admissions (non-ED)	954	3.10	3.06	2.16	2.91	450	3.91	3.34	3.12	3.84
No of ED visits	954	1.01	1.31	0.73	1.40	450	1.29	1.59	0.95	1.47
Length of stay for unscheduled admissions	954	9.87	14.41	6.83	12.43	450	13.68	20.75	9.77	15.15
Total cost from unscheduled admissions and ED visits only	954	11 110	13 057	7455	10 876	450	16 447	20 127	11 771	15 769
Total cost for ED visits+scheduled and unscheduled admissions	954	22 822	30 329	16 763	28 632	450	30 702	36 865	24 218	36 409
Personal characteristics*
Female	954	0.51	0.50			450	0.44	0.50
Age group 16–24	954	0.09	0.29			450	0.10	0.31
Age group 25–34	954	0.16	0.37			450	0.12	0.33
Age group 35–44	954	0.17	0.37			450	0.16	0.37
Age group 45–54	954	0.22	0.42			450	0.21	0.41
Age group 55–64	954	0.16	0.37			450	0.23	0.42
Age group 65–74	954	0.17	0.38			450	0.17	0.37
Age group 75 up	954	0.03	0.17			450	0.00	0.07
SIMD Quintile 1	913	0.29	0.45			443	0.32	0.47
SIMD Quintile 2	913	0.31	0.46			443	0.35	0.48
SIMD Quintile 3	913	0.16	0.37			443	0.13	0.34
SIMD Quintile 4	913	0.12	0.32			443	0.10	0.31
SIMD Quintile 5	913	0.12	0.32			443	0.10	0.30
SPARRA score at entry	914	68.21	20.14			424	74.72	18.22

*We have access to the personal characteristics of the patients only once at the time they entered the intervention group (or the hypothetical intervention date for the control group), hence we do not present the numbers for the ‘after’ period.

ED, emergency department; SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation; SPARRA, Scottish Patients at Risk of Readmission and Admission.