Table 6.
Comparative effects of 2 years’ exposure to CCBs versus other antihypertensive drug classes on the incidence of the first diagnosis of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and cerebrovascular disorders. All cohorts were matched for age, sex, race, and blood pressure. Numbers in brackets are risk ratios (this study) or odds ratios (prior studies). “Higher” and “lower” indicate results with confidence intervals not overlapping 1.
| ICD-10 codes | Incidence with CCBs compared to | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diuretics | ACEI | ARB | RAS agents | β-blockers | ||
| Psychotic disorder | F20–29 | Similar (1.02) | Similar (1.04) | Higher (2.23) | – | Lower (0.69) |
| Affective disorder | F30–39 | Lower (0.95) | Higher (1.05) | Higher (1.27) | – | Lower (0.88) |
| Anxiety disorder | F40–48 | Higher (1.06) | Higher (1.13) | Higher (1.19) | – | Lower (0.89) |
| Sleep disorder | F51, G47 | Lower (0.79) | Higher (1.18) | Similar (1.01) | – | Lower (0.97) |
| Substance abuse disorder | F10–F19 | Higher (1.04) | Lower (0.95) | Higher (1.94) | – | Lower (0.86) |
| Deliriuma,c | F05; R40.0, R41.0 | Lower (0.81) | – | – | Higher (1.51) | Lower (0.78) |
| Dementiab,c | F01–03; G30, G31.0, G31.2, G31.83 | Higher (1.19) | – | – | Higher (1.24) | Similar (0.96) |
| Movement disorderb,c | G20–26 | Lower (0.92) | – | – | Higher (1.21) | Lower (0.73) |
| Cerebrovascular diseaseb,c | I60–69 | Higher (1.17) | – | – | Higher (1.34) | Lower (0.86) |