Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 May 26;11:11049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90296-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Dose–response curves (DRC) depicting viral inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by select drug combinations. (a) A threshold effect can be seen with the Remdesivir/Anisomycin combination when Anisomycin reaches 20 µM, well beyond Anisomycin’s IC50 alone. Remdesivir activity does not appear to be affected by Anisomycin, while Remdesivir seems to be equally affected (de-potentiated) by low to high concentrations of Raloxifene. (b) Viral inhibition for Remdesivir/Thioguanosine can be seen only at lower Thioguanosine concentrations, at higher concentrations the clear curve shift of Remdesivir at lower concentration (effect beyond Loewe’s additivity formula) could not be appreciated. (c) Raloxifene had an antagonistic effect on Remdesivir’s viral replication inhibition activity. (d) A clear shift in Nelfinavir’s DRC can be observed when combined with Raloxifene, but also suggests a threshold effect when Raloxifene concentrations are higher than 2.2 µM.