Table 1.

summary characteristics of the included studies.

Authors/year	ClinicalTrials identifier	Publication statusa	Journal	Country	Study design	Age	Male	Intervention/sample size	Comparison/sample size	Follow up
Cai et al./2020	ChiCTR2000029600	In press	Engineering	China	Open-label, nonrandomized, before-after controlled study	16–75	40% in FVP group/46.7% in LPV/RTV group	Oral FPV (Day 1: 1600 mg twice daily; Days 2–14: 600 mg twice daily) plus interferon (IFN)-a by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily)/35	LPV/RTV (Days 1–14: 400 mg/100 mg twice daily) plus IFN-a by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily)/45	Day 14
Chen et al./2020	ChiCTR2000030254	Preprint	MedRxiv	China	Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label multicenter trial	18 years or older	50.8% in FVP group/ 42.5% in Arbidol group	FPV (1600 mg*2/first day followed by 600 mg*2/day) for 10 days/ 116	Umifenovir (Arbidol) (200 mg*3/day)/ 120	Day 10
Dabbous et al./2020	NCT04349241	Preprint	Research Square	Egypt	Computer based randomized controlled interventional clinical trial phase 3	18–80	50% in each groups	FPV 3200 mg at day1 followed by 600 mg twice (day2–day10)/50	HCQ 800 mg at day1 followed by 200 mg twice (day2–10) and oral oseltamivir 75 mg/12 h/day for 10 days/ 50	Day 30
Doi et al./2020	jRCTs041190120	In press	Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy	Japan	Prospective, randomized, open -label, multicenter trial	16 years or older	52.3% in early group, 705.% in late group	Early FPV: Favipiravir was dosed at 1800 mg orally at least four hours apart on the first day, followed by 800 278 mg orally twice a day, for a total of up to 19 doses over 10 days/ 36	Late FVP: Favipiravir was dosed at 1800 mg orally at least four hours apart on the first day, followed by 800/ 33	Day 28
Ivashchenko et al./2020	NCT04434248	In press	Clinical Infectious Disease	Russia	Adaptive, multicenter, open label, randomized, phase 2 and 3 clinical trial	18 years or older	NR	AVIFAVIR 1600 mg BID on Day 1 followed by 600 mg BID on Days 2–14 (1600/600 mg)/ 20	Standard of care of Russian guidelines for treatment of COVID-19/20	Day 29
								AVIFAVIR 1800 mg BID on Day 1 followed by 800 mg BID on Days 2–14 (1800/800 mg)/ 20
Khamis et al./2021	NCT04385095	Published online	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	Oman	Open label randomized controlled study	18–75	64% in FVP group/53% in SOC group	FPV 1600 mg on day 1 followed by 600 mg twice a day for a maximum of 10 days, and interferon beta-1b at a dose of 8 million IU (0.25 mg) twice a day was given for 5 days through a vibrating mesh aerogen nebulizer/ 44	Standard of care of Oman guidelines for treatment of COVID-19: HCQ 400 mg twice per day on day 1, then 200 mg twice per day for 7 days/45	Day 14
Lou et al./2020	ChiCTR2000029544	Published	European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	China	Exploratory single center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial	Mean: 58, 53.5 and 46.6 for FAV, Baloxavir and control group	77% in FVP group/ 70% in other groups	FAV group: 1600 mg or 2200 mg orally, followed by 600 mg each time, three times a day, and the duration of administration was not more than 14 days/9	Baloxavirmarboxil group: 80 mg once a day orally on Day 1 and Day 4; for patients who are still positive in virological test, they can be given again on Day 7/10	Day 14
									Control group: LPV/RTV (400 mg/100 mg, bid, po.) or darunavir/cobicistat (800 mg/150 mg, qd, po.) and arbidol (200 mg, tid, po.)/ 10
Udwadia et al./2020	CTRI/2020/05/025114	Published	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	India	Randomized, open-label, parallel-arm, multicenter, phase 3 study	18–75	70.8% in FVP group/76% in control group	Oral Favipiravir (1800 mg BID loading dose on day 1; 800 mg BID maintenance dose thereafter) plus standard supportive care for up to a maximum of 14 days/70	Standard supportive care alone that included antipyretics, cough suppressants, antibiotics, and vitamins/68	Day 14
Zhao et al./2021	ChiCTR2000030894 and NCT04310228	Published online	Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy	China	Multicenter, randomized trial	18 years or older	71.4% in FVP group/60% in Tocilizumab group	FAV group: 1600 mg, twice a day on the first day, and 600 mg, twice a day from the second day to the seventh day, orally/7	Combination group (FAV + tocilizumab)/14
									Tocilizumab group: first dose was 4 − 8 mg/kg (recommended 400 mg) and added to 100 mL 0.9% normal saline/5

NR not reported, FPV Favipiravir, LPV Lopinavir, RTV Ritonavir, HCQ hydroxychloroquine.

^aThe status of manuscript in time of screening.