. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Sleep Med. 2020 Nov 27;19(6):705–716. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1851230

Table 2.

Baseline, post-intervention, and within subjects change in sleep outcomes in the intervention and comparison group

	PHM Intervention										Comparison group
	Baseline			Post-Intervention			Mean change^a				Baseline			Post-Intervention			Mean Change^a
	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	p-value	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	p-value
PSQI Global Score^b	11	6.27	2.24	10	4.8	2.04	9	−1.22	2.39	0.16	10	8.20	3.19	9	6.11	1.45	7	−0.57	2.37	0.55
Sleep efficiency, %	12	84.22	11.49	10	91.1	12.04	10	4.77	13.49	0.29	10	76.71	11.56	9	85.54	8.23	7	4.91	12.57	0.34
Sleep duration, hrs	12	7.54	1.1	10	7.7	0.75	10	0.05	0.76	0.84	10	6.80	1.09	9	7.44	1.29	7	0.07	0.67	0.79
Fatigue^b	12	10.92	2.71	10	10.2	2.66	10	−0.20	2.49	0.80	12	12.33	3.31	9	12.00	3.16	9	−0.11	3.86	0.93
Daytime sleepiness^b	11	7.18	4.26	10	6.5	4.81	9	−1.11	2.08	0.15	10	8.80	3.94	9	6.56	3.64	7	−1.29	2.93	0.29
Sleep disturbance^b	12	14.83	5.37	10	13.7	5.44	10	−0.3	5.38	0.86	10	18.00	5.12	9	16.22	3.23	7	−1.29	6.52	0.62

Mean change= the mean of post-pre estimates;

PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; Fatigue score is based on the PROMIS Fatigue short form 4; Daytime sleepiness is measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); Sleep disturbance is measured by PROMIS Short Form v1.0-Sleep Disturbance 6a; p-values <0.25 are highlighted in bold font