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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmology. 2020 Nov 27;128(7):1060–1069. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.11.025

Table 3.

Model results for the effect of intervention on the probability of referral to the base hospital. Models are adjusted for step effects and contain a random effect for vision center (cluster). N=1447 total patients.

Outcome Overall Urgent Non-Urgent
# referred OR
(95% Cl)
p-value
# referred OR
(95% Cl)
p-value
# referred OR
(95% Cl)
p-value
Referral Due to Fundus Photography 112 2.07
(0.98, 4.40)
p=0.0581
21 2.21*
(0.35, 14.03)
p=0.4002
90 1.93
(0.86, 4.37)
p=0.1130
Referral Due to Technician Exam 373 1.05
(0.71, 1.56)
p=0.7924
28 1.44
(0.41, 5.05)
p=0.5681
343 1.00
(0.67, 1.48)
p=0.9855
Referral for Any Reason 485 1.21
(0.83, 1.77)
p=0.3198
49 1.97
(0.71, 5.48)
p=0.1920
433 1.10
(0.75, 1.62)
p=0.6339

OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval

*

due to the small number of referral events, the generalized linear mixed model would not converge as parameterized, simple logistic regression results reported; note: sample sizes do not sum to overall number referred due to missing data on urgency of referral.