Table 1.

Factors affecting the composition of the microbiota

Factors affecting the composition of the microbiota
Nutritional habits	Environmental	inherited	Lifestyle	Antibiotics	Modulation of gut microbiota	Infections
- During pregnancy - After birth	Such as the way of birth (caesarean or natural birth)	Mainly inherited epigenetic factors from both parents	Including smoking, alcohol consume and sport	A two-edged weapon	Prebiotics, probiotics, and FMT	Not just microbiota affects viral and bacterial infections but vice versa occurs as well
Mainly the consumption of red meat, fibers, and the good and bad fats/oils	As the engulfment of vaginal microflora by the foetus enriches the gut microbiome of the newborn	Due to nutritional and environmental factors which modulate the parent epigenome	e.g., westernized lifestyle versus the live style in developing countries