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. 2021 May 26;11:11051. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90438-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Oxaloacetate treatment from the presymptomatic stage improves the neuromuscular strength of SOD1^G93A mice in the symptomatic stage. (A) Injection of oxaloacetate at 2 g/kg body weight/5 days a week from the presymptomatic stage (60 days old, red) delayed the decline in neuromuscular function measured using an inverted screen test. The vertical axis shows the total hanging time from three trials of the inverted screen test, and the horizontal axis indicates the age of measurement. The line graphs show mean ± S.E.M, which were for oxaloacetate-injected group 330.8 ± 9.3 versus control group 258.4 ± 26.2 at age 90, 288.8 ± 17.4 versus 236.1 ± 24 at age 100, 199.4 ± 18.5 versus 135.5 ± 14.5 at age 110, 153.8 ± 15.7 versus 73.58 ± 10.1 at age 120. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the oxaloacetate injected (red) and control group of non-injected (black) SOD1^G93A mice by repeated measure two way-ANOVA, p < 0.01. (B) The group treated from the symptomatic stage (110 days old, blue) did not show differences from the control group of non-injected SOD1^G93A mice (black, same mice as A). N = 12 mice per group.