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. 2021 May 26;11:10980. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90571-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chemical modification of thermoplastic surface using BP. (a) BP is converted into a semi-benzopinacol or its radical derivatives under UV irradiation, and reacts with thermoplastic polymer which serves as a proton donor. (b) The BP-treated thermoplastic surface may then be photoactivated for covalent bond formation between the surface and an exogenous material upon UV irradiation. (c) A COP microchannel filled with BP solution, and exposed to UV, rinsed, and dried, yielding a photoactive surface before introducing a photoresist in preparation for DLW. (d) Covalent bond formation scenario for the epoxy-based resin. When the laser path coincides with the microchannel surface, free radicals are formed on the COP surface that immediately react with the epoxide ring of the resin, yielding a covalent bond between the resin and thermoplastic surface.