Table 4.
Comparison between patients with and without positive LGE.
| Characteristics | Patients with positive LGE | Patients without positive LGE | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 7) | (n = 6) | ||
| Age (years) | 63 [62, 73] | 61 [58, 65] | 0.352 |
| Male n (%) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (16.7) | 0.559 |
| Illness classification n (%) | 0.103 | ||
| Mild | 1 (14.3) | 4 (66.7) | |
| Severe/critical | 6 (85.7) | 2 (33.3) | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 11 [11, 19] | 16 [8, 24] | 0.667 |
| Presence of comorbidities | |||
| History of hypertension n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (16.7) | 0.462 |
| History of diabetes mellitus n (%) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.462 |
| History of coronary heart disease n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| History of heart failure n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| History of arrhythmias n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| History of cardiomyopathy n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Laboratory values on admission | |||
| WBC (109/L) | 4.9 [4.4, 7.2] | 6.6 [6.1, 7.8] | 0.372 |
| Hb (1012/L) | 122 [112, 128] | 124 [115, 130] | 0.685 |
| PLT (109/L) | 187 [138, 237] | 196 [187, 229] | 0.515 |
| ALT (U/L) | 32 [28, 45] | 33 [23, 35] | 0.685 |
| AST (U/L) | 34 [28, 48] | 29 [19, 46] | 0.515 |
| LDH (U/L) | 377 [303, 422] | 246 [208, 335] | 0.465 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 69 [64, 81] | 52 [47, 53] | 0.062 |
| hs-cTnI (pg/mL) | 20.6 [12.6, 27.8] | 3.6 [1.9, 5.6] | 0.011 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 492 [390, 820] | 252 [197, 308] | 0.165 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 84.2 [73.1, 159.8] | 5.2 [1.8, 6.3] | 0.009 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 12.6 [11.3, 14.1] | 5.6 [4.8, 6.3] | 0.180 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 339 [312, 955] | 326 [314, 708] | 0.685 |
| Treatments during hospitalization | |||
| Antibiotics n (%) | 4 (57.1) | 2 (33.3) | 0.592 |
| Corticosteroids n (%) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (16.7) | >0.999 |
| Antiviral drugs n (%) | 5 (71.4) | 5 (83.3) | >0.999 |
| Immunoglobulin n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Oxygen inhalation n (%) | 7 (100.0) | 2 (33.3) | 0.009 |
| Mechanical therapy n (%) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.906 |
| ECHO parameters at 6-month follow-up | |||
| LA (mm) | 33 [31, 37] | 30 [29, 31] | 0.113 |
| LV (mm) | 44 [44, 47] | 43 [41, 46] | 0.385 |
| RA (mm) | 40 [37, 42] | 35 [34, 37] | 0.151 |
| RV (mm) | 29 [22, 30] | 21 [19, 27] | 0.195 |
| IVS (mm) | 10 [10, 11] | 10 [9, 10] | 0.289 |
| LVPW (mm) | 10 [10, 10] | 10 [9, 10] | 0.512 |
| LVEF (%) | 61 [54, 65] | 60 [54, 66] | 0.721 |
| TAPSE | 26 [24, 30] | 25 [22, 29] | 0.886 |
| CMR parameters at 6-month follow-up | |||
| LVEF (%) | 53 [51, 55] | 58 [56, 62] | 0.059 |
| EDV (mL) | 92 [88, 104] | 96 [88, 100] | 0.85 |
| ESV (mL) | 45 [38, 52] | 36 [31, 42] | 0.257 |
| Myo mass (g) | 67 [62, 83] | 48 [42, 56] | 0.059 |
| CO (L/min) | 3.2 [2.6, 3.7] | 3.5 [3.3, 3.6] | 0.570 |
| Cl (L/min/m2) | 1.9 [1.7, 2.2] | 2.3 [2.1, 2.4] | 0.257 |
| EDVI (mL/m2) | 55 [54, 62] | 64 [59, 68] | 0.449 |
| ESVI (ml/m2) | 26 [25, 32] | 26 [21, 30] | 0.506 |
| SVI (mL/m2) | 29 [29, 35] | 38 [36, 40] | 0.107 |
| Myo mass index (g/m2) | 40 [37, 49] | 33 [30, 38] | 0.086 |
| T1 mapping | 1248.5 [1243.8, 1287.0] | 1202.6 [1192.5, 1215.1] | 0.089 |
| ECV | 0.28 [0.27, 0.34] | 0.27 [0.24, 0.29] | 0.562 |
| Laboratory findings at 6-month follow-up | |||
| ALT (U/L) | 23 [21, 34] | 21 [16, 34] | 0.774 |
| AST (U/L) | 29 [27, 30] | 24 [17, 40] | 0.566 |
| LDH (U/L) | 212 [212, 231] | 218 [196, 223] | 0.829 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 70 [61, 81] | 61 [53, 69] | 0.199 |
| hs-cTnI (pg/mL) | 5.7 [3.8, 9.4] | 2.8 [1.9, 4.3] | 0.317 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 92 [84, 131] | 100 [73, 136] | 0.855 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.8 [0.5, 4.5] | 0.7 [0.5, 0.9] | 0.391 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.5 [1.5, 1.5] | 1.5 [1.5, 1.5] | 0.562 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 171 [144, 290] | 146 [135, 163] | 0.423 |
| ST2 (ng/mL) | 14.1 [10.5, 21.2] | 18.5 [16.3, 22.0] | 0.475 |
LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; IVS, interventricular septum; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall; SV, stroke volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; CO, cardiac output; CI, cardiac index; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index; ESVI, end-systolic volume index; SVI, stroke volume index; LGE, late gadolinium enhanced; ECV, extracellular volume fraction; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelets; ALT, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; AST, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; hs-cTnI, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6.