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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). VIP is synthesized by the epithelium, glands, ASM, arteriolar muscle, Th2 cells, and eosinophils; exerts its actions by VPAC1. Improves the bronchodilatation and repair of epithelium by E-cadherin expression; also decreases ASM proliferation, IgE, IL-1, IL-5, IL-13, diminishes the neutrophil recruitment.
