Figure 3.

(a–c) Three (de)trapping regimes that CdSe NPLs may experience: (a) no trapping, (b) fast trapping–detrapping cycling, and (c) irreversible trapping. (d) Calculated lifetime of the slow delay component τ_slow, normalized to the trap recombination lifetime τ_T, and (e) fractional trap PL I_T/I_tot, as a function of trapping probability P_t and detrapping probability P_dt. The dotted lines in (d) and (e) are contours of the calculated average number of trapping events N prior to recombination. (f) Configuration–coordinate diagram, illustrating exciton and trap emission. (g) Zoom-in of the diagram displayed in panel (f), indicating the energy barriers for trapping ΔE_trap^# and detrapping ΔE_detrap. As the single-NPL trap-PL fwhm appears to be independent of the peak energy (Figure S3; Extended Data), the difference in the equilibrium Q among trap states is negligible; that is, the trap states are spaced vertically, not horizontally, in the coordinate diagram.